what are the times patients disclose information that the BHT professionals and paraprofessionals are obligated to report?
a) imminent danger to themselves or othersb) UCMJ violationsc) Abused) neglect
what duty was based off of the Tarasoff case?
The duty to warn and protect is an ethical and legal mandate
What is the Tarasoff case?
A patient stated to his therapist that he had intentions to kill Tatiana Tarasoff, she did not inform the third party but informed the police. Subsequently killing her.
What is the "Need to know" and what are examples?
The need to know, is when a commander is addressed if a service members is unwell and can alter their work. EX. A personnel is so depressed that their reality around nuclear weapons is in question
Case Consultation
BHT must seek consultation/supervision on all BH cases. This includes treatment/referral planning, goal setting, needed and predicted outcomes.
Ethical Responsibilities
It is important to report violations of ethical behavior through appropriate channels, even when it is uncomfortable or inconvenient to do so
Competency
the ability of the provider to administer safe and reliable care on a consistent basis.
Professional Relationships- Unlateral
In that the patient is there for help and we are the helpers
Professional Relationships- Special
because they are not intimate or in day to day relationships and they end once the counseling ends.
integrity
means to do the right things even when no one is looking
Respect
treat all patients and coworkers with dignity and respect
Behavioral Health Tech Assignments
a) behavioral health servicesb) medical facilitiesc) operational unitsd) drug and alcohol programsf) special assignments
Patient Rights- Medical Care
Patients have the right to quality care and treatment that is consistent with available resources.
Patient Rights- Respectful treatment
Patients have the right to considerate and respectful care
Patient Rights- Privacy and Security
Patient have rights, defined by federal law, to reasonable safeguards a=for the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of their protected health information, and similar rights for other PII, in electronic, written and spoken form.
Patient Rights- Provider Information
patients have the right to receive information about the individuals responsible for as well as those providing his or her care, treatment, or services.
Patient Rights- Explanation of care
Patients have the right to an explanation concerning their diagnosis, treatment, procedures, and prognosis of illness in terms that are easily understood
Patient Rights- Filing Grievances
Patients have the right tot make recommendations, ask questions, or file complaints
Patient Rights- research projects
Patients have the right to know if the MTF/DTF proposes to engage in or perform research associated with their care or treatment
Patient Rights- Safe environment
Patients have the right to care and treatment in a safe environment
Patient Rights- MTF/DTF rules and regulations
Patients have the right to be informed of the facilities rules and regulations that relate to patient or visitor conduct
Patient Rights- Transfer and continuity of care
When medically permissible, a patient may be transferred to another MTF/DTF only after he or she has received complete information and an explanation concerning the needs for and alternative to such a transfer
Patient rights- charges for care
Patients have the right to understand the charges for their care and their obligation for paynment
Patient rights- Advance directive
Patients have the right to make sure their wishes regarding their healthcare are known even if they are no longer able to communicate or make decisions for themselves
Emergency
Immediate danger to self or others
Non-Emergency
When the commander is concerned about the safety or well being of the SM, and concerns about the SMs fitness for duty
What can commanders obtain information about a SM without their contents
General health status, adherence with scheduled appointments, profile status, and medical readiness
What is the purpose of medical terms?
Allows healthcare workers to communicate in one language
Word roots
Usually indicate the part of the body involved
Cardi
Heart
Neur
nerve
Encephlo
brain
nephro
Kidney
Hepato
Liver
Suffixes
Indicate the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease
-itis
inflammation
-megaly
enlarged
-graphy
recording an image
-gram
the image
EX. Cardiomegaly
enlarged heart
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
mammography
imaging of the breast
angiogram
X-ray of blood flow in the arteries
prefixes
indicates location, time, or status
a/an
without, none
hemi
half
Bi
double, two, twice, both
Hyper
above excessive, beyound
Anemia
lack of, loss of blood cells,
Bilateral
both sides
hypertension
high blood pressure
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
1. Atrophy
Decrease un size or bulk of a body part
2. Dehydration
Loss of removal of fluids
3. Contusion
bruise
4. hypertension
High blood pressure
5. tachycardia
increased heart rate
6. hematology
study of blood
7. Carcinoma
Skin Cancer
8. emesis
action or process of vomiting
9. Malaise
general feeling of discomfort illness, or uneasiness
10. lethargy
lack of energy and enthusiasm
11. flaccid
lacking force or effectiveness
12. paradoxical
different from what is expected
13. prognosis
probable course or outcome of a disease
14. ulcer
open sore on an external or internal surface of the body
15. hemporrhage
an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel
16. hemostasis
stopping of blood flow
17. hypotension
low blood pressure
18. bradycardia
low heart rate
19. hypertrophy
increase in size or bulk of a body part
What is the purpose of medical abbreviations
helps medical professionals write quickly and efficiently
1. RX
Medication, prescription
2. Hx
history
3. Tx
treatment
4. HI
homicidal ideation
5. SI
suicidal ideation
c" with a ling over it
with
S" with a line over ut
without
8. PO
by mouth
9. BID
twice a day
10. TID
three times a day
QID
four times a day
q2h
every two hours
QAM
every morning
QHS
every night
VS
vital signs
NKDA
no known drug allergies
WNL
within normal limits
IM
intramuscular
H/A
headache
GSW
gunshot qound
Fx
fracture
HR
heart rate
N/V
naseau and vomiting
NPO
nothing by mouth
q
every
ETOH
alcohol
S/S
signs and symptoms
Sx
symptoms
AVH
audio visual hallucinations
BP
blood pressure
C/C
chief complaint
IV
intravenous
R
respriations
OTC
over the counter
PRN
as needed
A&O
alert and oriented
respirtory system
functions to distribute oxygen to the tissue and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues. consists of the upper and lower airways and the lungs
Upper airway
Nose, pharynx, larynx- upper airway structures filter, warm, and moisten air
Lower airway
Trachae and bronchi-the lower airway gets the air to the lungs
lungs
where oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange occurs
cardiovascular system
composed of the heart and blood vessels. its purpose is to bring oxygen and other nutrients to the cells via. blood and remove metabolic waste products
Heart
A hallow, fist sized, muscular organ.
blood vessels
arteries carry blood away from the heart and connect smaller vessels called capillaries to distribute blood to tissue
Blood
composed of several components, plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets
Plasma
liquid part of blood and is mostly water
red blood cells
also known as erythrocytes, these cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and take carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs to be expelled
White blood cells
also known as leukocytes, WBC are responsible for defending the body from viruses, bacteria, and other foreign particles
Platelets
essential rollin blood clotting and in plugging blood vessel breaks
lymphatic system
serves as the second circulatory system and one of the body primary defenses against invasion by harmful organisms and chemical toxins. it is composed of the lymph fluid, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen.
Lymph
A clear fluid containing WBCs. it bathes tissues and helps filter and transport substances
lymphatic vessels
they resemble veins and transport the lymph
Lymph Nodes
They are located along lymphatic vessels and act as filters for lymph where foreign substances can be recognized and destroyed
Thymus
A mass of lymph tissue located near the base of the heart. it okays a role in defending against harmful substances in the infant, but not in the adult
Spleen
a fist sized structure in the upper left portion of the abdomen the spleen functions as a filter for the blood. special cells destroy worn out RBC and bacteria and other foreign substances
the immune system
refers to all the cells, tissues, organs, and processes that protect an organism from invasion by pathogens. this is the system that is responsible for the symptoms we experience with allergies as out bodies work
Gastrointestinal system
source of nutrients responsible for energy, building materials, and repair for the body. it contains structures that ingest, digest, and absorb food. it consist of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophaguses, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
oral cavity
prepares food for swelling through chewing and salivation
pharynx
cavity that extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus, it aids swallowing by grasping food and moving it toward the esophagus
Esophagus
a muscular tube that conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach
stomach
churns ingested food and mixes it with gastric juices. it serves as a temporary storage area for food, which remains ther until it is partially digested
small intestine
complete digestion
large intestine
absorb water and eliminate digestive waste
liver
aids in digestion of fats, carbs, and protiens
gallbladder
moves bile into the intestines to help break down material
pancreas
secretes enzymes for breaking down particular food items
Reproductive system
union of male and female sex cells
musculoskeletal system
a muscle contraction permits movement, maintains posture, and generates heat.
voluntary muscle
attaches to the skeleton and permits voluntary movements
involuntary muscle
lines he visceral organs and urinary bladder and surrounds blood vessels, bronchi, and various ducts
cardiac muscle
Makes up the mass of the heart well
skeleton system
forms the framework that supports and protects the body. acts as levers for the skeleton muscles to move the body and permit locomotion and other movement
axial skeleton
consists of the skull, the vertebral colun, and the bony thorax
skull
protects the brain
vertebral column
provides primary axial support for the body
bony thorax
forms a protective enclosure for the heart, lungs, and large blood vessels
appendicular skeleton
consists of the shoulder grille the bones of the upper limb, the pelvic grille, and the bones of the lower limbs
shoulder gridle
forms an attachment o the upper limbs
bones of the upper limbs
each limb contains 30 bones the largest and longest being the humorous or upper arm bone
pelvic girdle
attatches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
bones of the lower limbs
thicker and stronger than the upper limbs. the longest, thickest, and strongest bones in the body is the femur
Nervous system
allows for communication among different parts of the body and between the body and external environment.
central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
consists of all the nerves outside the CNS such as those that go from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system
controls involuntary actions, such as cardiac and smooth muscle
sympathetic nervous system
helps the body cope with events in the external environment through flight or fight response.
parasympathetic nervous system
supports restorative, resting body functions. bring you back to normal
gyrus
ridges in the brain
sulcus
valleys in the brain
longitudinal fissure
divides the left and right side of the brain
cerebrum
Largest part of the brain, responsible for perception, thought, and voluntary motor activity
corpus callosum
largest fiber bundle, connects the two cerebral hemispheres and passes information from one to the other
cerebral cortex
a sheet of neurons containing 100 billion neurons interconnected by mode pf connecting fibers
frontal lobes
mood, emotions, speech, and motor function
parietal lobes
reception and evaluation of most sensory information
temporal lobes
auditory
occipital lobes
vision
thalamus
receives input from all senses except smell
Hypothalamus
regulates the autonomies nervous system thereby influencing reactions
brainstem
contains your midbrain, pons, and medulla
Midbrain
contains primitive centers for vision and hearing
pons
sensory and motor information pass through on their way to other brain areas
medulla
regulates basic bodily functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, coughing, and sneezing
reticular activating system
internal to the brainstem, arousal
basal ganglia
controls muscle tone, activity and posture, damage may cause Parkinson's disease
limbic system
important role in emotions and motivated behavior
cerebullum
regulation of basic motor activities, damage can lead to ataxia
cell body
main portion of the neuron
dendrite
part of neuron that transmits information from other cells to the cell body
axon
part of the neuron that conducts information from the cell body to other neurons
axon terminal
the part of the neuron that contains and releases the neurotransmitter
myelin sheath
a covering made from cells that surround the axon and provide protection, but more importantly allow information to travel down the axon more rapidily
Norepinephrine
primary role in controlling alertness and wakefulness, implicated in depressive and anxiety disorders
dopamine
involved in movement, attention, and learning, too much can lead to schizophrenia and too little can lead to Parkinson's disease
serotinin
regulation of mood and control of eating, sleep, and arousal
Acetylcholine
located in the brain, spinal cord, and neurons muscler junction of skeletal muscles
glutamate
message is excitatiry
gamma amino butyric acid
most neurons of the CNS have receptors
gross motor skills
physical skills involving large body movements
fine motor skills
physical skills that usually involve the hands and fingers
presbyopia
old sight, loss of near vision
presbyopia
old hearing, loss of hearing
menopause
cessation of menstruation
Osteoporosis
loss of bone density
infant stage
birth to a year, head control at 2 months, roll over at 4 months, hold head up at 6 months, sit alone at 7 months, crawl at 9 months , standing at 8 months, walking 12-15 months. reaching at 5 months, hold a bottle at 6 months, transferring from hand to hand at 7 months, drink from a cup at 9 months, hold a writing object at 12 months
toddlerhood
1-3 years, run at 18 months, kick a ball at 24 months, stand on one foot at 24 months, undressed at 24 months, normal grab at 3 years, and put together puzzles at 3 years.
preschool
3-6 years, walk on a tiptoe at 4 years, climb, jump, jumprope, at 5 years, using buttons, zippers, snaps, at 5 years
school age
6-11 years, muscle mass and strength increase, print letters at 6-7 years, prefer pencils at 8-9, learning of musical instruments at 8
adolescence
12-19 years, puberty starts at 10-11 for girls and 11-12 for boys
early adulthood
20-40 years, physical efficiency peak, presbyopia may begin
middle adulthood
40-60 years
late adulthood
60 years and up
Jean Piaget
development of children's understanding through observing them.
assimiliation
children incorporate new information into existing knowledge structures known as schemas
accommodation
involves changing the schemas when exposed to new information
sensorimotor stage
birth to two years- children learn the relationship between their actions and the external world
preoperational stage
2-7 years, language develops, symbolic play, egocentrism
concrete operational
7-11 years, think logically about concrete objects and events,
formal operational stage
11 years and up- they begin to think abstractly
Erik Erikson
focused on social processes in the development of personality, eight stages of the life cycle.
trust vs. mistrust
birth to 18 months, forming of basic trust
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
18 months to 3 years, gain self- control and independence, learning a sense of self
initiative vs. guilt
3-6 years, develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate and direct ones own activity
industry vs. inferiority
6-12 years, development of self confidence by learning, competing, preforming successfully, and receiving recognition from significant others
identity vs. role confusion
12-20 years, to integrate the previous tasks into a secure sense of self. this is a time for the development of ideologies, morals, and values
intimacy vs. isolation
20-30 years, form an intense, lasting relationship or commitment to another person, cause, institution, or creative effort.
generatively vs. stagnation
achieve the life goals established for oneself while also considering the welfare of future generations
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
65-death, review ones life and derive meaning from it and achieving a positive sense of self
Brofenbrenner
developed the Ecological system theory to describe the complex interplay of multiple environmental systems upon childhood development
microsystem
your immediate enviroment
Exosystem
social settings that a person may not experience firsthand but that still influence development
Mesosystem
provides connections across microsystems
Marcosystem
ideological patterns of a particular culture or subculture; social policy, shared assumptions.
Chronosystem
in the bioecological model, historical changes that influence the other systems
Lypmg
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