Superior
Towards the head, or above
Inferior
Towards the feet, or below
Anterior
front, or in front of
Posterior
Back or at the back of
Lateral
Toward the side of the body, or away from the midline of the body
Medial
Toward the mid line of the body
Proximal
Closer to the top of the limb
Distal
Closer toward the bottom or end of a limb
Supine
Lying face upwards
Prone
Lying face downwards
Sagittal plane
an anatomical plane which divides the body into right and left parts.
Transverse Plane
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Coronal plane
divides body into front and back
Blood Pressure set point
120/80
Temperature set point
98.6
Chemical Level
1. atoms combine to form molecules
Cellular Level
2. molecules combine to form smooth muscle cells
Tissue Level
3. Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ Level
4. Organs are made up of different types of tissues
System Level
5. related organs with a common function
integumentary System
organs- Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glandsfunctions- Protect tissues, regulate body temperature, support sensory receptors
Skeletal System
organs- Bones, ligaments, cartilagesfunctions- Provide framework, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts
Muscular System
organs- muscles functions- Cause movements, maintain posture, produce body heat
nervous system
organs- Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organsfunctions- Detect changes, receive and interpret sensory information, stimulate muscles and glands
Endocrine system
organs- Glands that secrete hormones (pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus)functions- Control metabolic activities of body structures
cardiovascular system
organs- Heart, arteries, capillaries, veinsfunctions- Move blood through blood vessels and transport substances throughout body
lymphatic system
organs- Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleenfunctions- Return tissue fluid to the blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules, defend the body against infection
digestive system
organs- Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestinesfunctions- Receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbedmaterial
Respritory system
organs- Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungsfunctions- Intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood
urinary system
organs- Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethrafunctions- Remove wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and eliminate urine
reproductive system
organs- Male: scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal, vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penisFemale; ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulvafunctions- male: Produce and maintain sperm cells, transfer sperm cells into female reproductive tractfemale: Produce and maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo, and function in birth process
what purpose do the membranes that line the outer surface of organs and the inner surface of cavities serve?
secrete a lubricating fluid, called serous fluid, to prevent internal organs from being rubbed raw.