States of Matter
The physical forms matter can take.
Changes of State
The change of matter from one state or phase to another. There are 6!
Melting
Energy is added to change a solid into a liquid
Freezing
Energy is removed to change a liquid into a solid
Vaporization
Energy is added to change a liquid into a gas
Evaporation
Vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid and can occur at any temperature.
Boiling
Vaporization that occurs throughout a liquid and occurs at high temperatures. The pressure in the liquid must match the pressure above the liquid.
Condensation
Energy is removed to change a gas into a liquid.
Sublimation
Energy is added to change a solid directly into a gas.
Deposition
Energy is removed to change a gas directly into a solid. (example: frost)
Solid
Has a definite shape and volume and the particles very little kinetic energy but vibrate in place.
Liquid
Has a definite volume but no definite shape. The particles have a medium amount of kinetic energy and can slide past one another.
Gas
Has NO definite shape or volume. The particles have a lot of kinetic energy and move anywhere.
Kinetic Theory of Matter
The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made of small particles that are in random motion and that have space between them. This means that no matter what phase matter is in, it is made of separate, moving particles.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
Volume
The amount of space an object takes up
Temperature during a phase change
stays the same