___________ is the study of all forms of life
Biology
_______ is home to an incredible diversity of life
Earth
The __________ includes all living things and all the places they are found
biosphere
Every part of the _______ is connected with every other part
biosphere
The biosphere includes many _________________ environments
environments, land
The biosphere includes many environments ___________ and ________ environmentsPortions of the _______________
saltwater, freshwater, atmosphere
___________ is the variety of life
Biodiversity
Biodiversity increases from the _________ to the _________
poles, equator
Biodiversity is ________ in areas with consistently warm temperatures
greater
A __________ is one particular type of living thing
species
Because they are so similar to each other, members of a species can _______________
interbreed to reproduce
There are about ___________ different living species have been identified
2 million
__________ estimate that tens of millions of species remain to be ___________
Biologist, discovered
Over half of the known species are ________
insects
__________ is the scientific study of all forms of ______ and their interactions with their environment
Biology, life
Biology is also called ___________
life science
All branches of biology are unified by 6 themes:
Cell structure and function, stability and homeostasis, reproduction and inheritance, evolution, interdependence, matter, energy, and organization
Many _____________ studied biology
ancient civilizations and
________ used herbal medicines
Asians
__________ developed agricultural techniques
South Americans
__________ practiced mummification
Egyptians
_________ are credited with originating the basic principles of modern science
Greeks
Greeks__________ established a school of medicine
Hippocrates
Greeks_________ is credited with establishing the first classification system for living things
Aristotle
_______________ connect concepts from many fields of biology
Unifying themes
All organisms _______ certain characteristics
share
An ___________ is any individual living thing
organism
All organisms are made of ____________
one or more cells
All need energy for ____________
metabolism
All organisms respond to their __________
enviroment
All organisms have _____ that they pass on to __________
DNA, offspring
The ________ is the basic unit of life
cell
__________ organisms consist of only _____ cell
Unicellular, one
___________ organisms consist of more than _____ cell
Multicellular, one
The cells of multicellular organisms undergo ___________ to become different types of cells
differentiation
Although they are different types of cells, they are ________ because they have cell membranes and contain DNA
similar
A _________ is an organized group of interacting parts
system
A ______ is a system of ___________ and processes
cell, chemicals
A ___________ includes organs that interact
body system
An _________ includes living and non living things that interact
ecosystem
_____________ study many __________ systems
Biologists, different
Structure determines __________
function
____________ with different structures perform different functions
Proteins
____________ cells have a different structure and function than stomach muscle cells
Heart muscle
_______________ have different anatomical structures with different functions
Different species
Organisms must __________ homeostasis to survive in diverse environments
maintain
___________ is the maintenance of constant internal conditions (temperature, water content, food intake)
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is usually maintained through ___________ feedback
negative
______________ systems return a condition to its normal (set) point
Negative feedback
____________ and __________ can help maintain homeostasis
Behaviors, adaptations
All ___________ produce new organisms like themselves in the process of ___________
organisms, reproduction
In reproduction, organisms transmit __________ information in the form of a large molecule called ___________ (DNA) to offspring
hereditary, deoxyribonucleic acid
A short segment of DNA that contains the code for the development of a specific trait is a _____
gene
In ______________, hereditary information from two organisms of the same species is combined
sexual reproduction
In _____________, a single cell divides into two cells each with an identical copy of the genetic code
asexual reproduction
____________ explains the unity and diversity of life
Evolution
Evolution is the _________ in living things over time The genetic makeup of a population of a species changes
change
Evolution can occur through ____________ of adaptations
natural selection
_____________ are beneficial inherited traits that are passed to future generations
Adaptations
___________ is also driven by competition among organisms for resources needed to survive (food, water, shelter)
Evolution
The survival of an organism with favorable traits causes a ___________ in the population over generation. This is known as _______________
gradual change, descent with modifications
To fully understand the _____________ - scientists study the interaction of organisms with one another and their ____________ (ecology)
biological world, environment
Scientists also study _____________ (ecosystems)
environmental communities
To survive, organisms need __________, ___________, and _________ from the environment
nutrients, gases, water
The stability of the environment depends upon the ______________ -of the organisms in the environment
healthy functioning
Almost all energy on Earth comes from the ______
sun
Through _____________, most plants and some unicellular organisms capture energy from the sun and change it into a useable form of energy
photosynthesis
_________ obtain energy by producing their own food (plants, bacteria)
Autotrophs
_________ obtain energy by consuming autotrophs (animals, fungi)
Heterotrophs
All living things use _______ in a process called ____________
energy, metabolism
_____________ is the sun of all chemical processed that occur in an organism
Metabolism
The energy is needed for __________, _________, and __________
growth, repair, movement
Living things have a high degree of order within the ___________ parts of an organism
internal and external
In cells specific cell structures within carry out _______________ (membrane, nucleus)
specific functions
Like ________ group together to function as ____________
cells, tissues
Like _________ group together to function as __________
tissues, organs
Like ________ group together to function as __________
organs, systems
Systems form ____________
an organism