Distillation
based on differences in boiling points
The closer the boiling points of the components of a liquid mixture
The harder it is to get a good separation. Fractional distillation may need to be employed
The components of a mixture boil off from
Lowest boiling point to highest BP
Change the container catching the distillate when
the BP on the thermometer rises to a new level
Always point the sidearm
Up when filling a distilling glass
The head of the thermometer should be inserted
Into the distilling flask to the level of the sidearm
Attach the lowest hose of the condensing tube to
The water source,
Attach the second hose in
The sink
Turn the water on
Gradually to test for leaks and to prevent popping off hoses due to pressure
If more than a gentle wisp of steam exits the condensing tub
Turn up the water and/or turn down the heat
Flammable liquids should never be distilled with
Open flames
Never heat your mixture to
Dryness, It will be difficult to clean the distilling flask
The distilled water generated cannot be ___________ unless the glassware has been ______________ before the distillation process
Ingested, cleaned