Caravel
Small, regular vessel w/ a high deck + three triangular sails.
Line of Demarcation
(1494) Imaginary line drawn by the pope to divide the world between the 2 major Catholic powers involved in exploration. Spain = all of Western Hemisphere except for Brazil. Portugal = Africa + Asia
Treaty of Tordesillas
(1494) Divded, newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain + Portugal w/ Line of Demarcation.
Encomienda
Spanish government's policy to "commend.
Mestizos
People of mixed Indian/European heritage (notably in Mexico).
Columbian Exchange
Exchange of goods, ideas, crops, + diseases between New + Old World societies after 1492.
Mercantilism
Wealth=power. Extract as much wealth from foreign lands and export as little as possible from the mother country.
Puritan
English-Protestand reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals + creeds.
Separatist
Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England.
Headright System
Employment in the tabacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants. Get land for bringing people to the colonies.
Plymouth Colony
(1620-1691) English colonial venture. Was the capital of the colony + developed as the town of Plymouth, MA. Colonized the north. Headed by James I
Virginia Company
(1606) Commerical trading company. Chartered by King James I of England. Colonized the south.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
(1630) Established by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies.
Mayflower Compact
(1620) Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth. Created foundation for self-government.
House of Burgesses
(1619) First elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the colony of Virginia.
John Rolfe
(1611) Credited w/ first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the colony of Virginia.
John Smith
Played an important role in the establishment of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. First permanent English settlement in America.
John Winthrop
Organized migration, gets charter that guarantees they answer to no company in England. Had to maintain their holiness.
Great Migration
(1630-1642) Migration of seventy thousand refugees from England to the North American colonies.
Bacon's Rebellion
(1676-1677) Rebellion led by Virginia settlers. Led by Nathaniel Bacon. Berkeley refused to drive out Native Americans.
Halfway Covenant
(1657-1662) Form of church membership among churches of New England.
Act of Toleration
(1649) Passed in Maryland. Guaranteed toleration to all Christians. Decreed death penality for those who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ (Jews + aetheists).
Charter of Liberties
(1701) Penn drew up an addition to Pennsylvania's charter that increased the power of the colonial assembly + also created Delaware.
William Penn
Founder of the Province of Pennsylvania.
Great Awakening
(1730s-1740s) Religious revival that swept the colonies.
Pueblo Revolt (Pope's Rebellion)
(1680) Uprising of many of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico.
Stono Rebellion (Cato's Rebellion)
(1739) South Carolina. Largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution.