Homo sapiens
humans
Paleolithic Era
Old Stone Age
hunter-gatherers
Nomadic groups whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods
Agricultural Revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Neolithic Era
New Stone Age
Why did Paleolithic people move from place to place?
find food
pastoral societies
societies based on technology that supports the domestication of large animals to provide food
How did domestication of plants and animals change early societies?
Allowed people to settle down and create towns
Chiefdoms
Centralized political systems with authority vested in formal, usually hereditary, offices or titles
civilization
A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes
How did civilizations come about?
Product of agricultural age
Epic of Gilgamesh
An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing.
What were cities roles in early civilizations?
From administration and lots of trade in marketplaces
Patriarchy
A form of social organization in which males dominate females
Caste System
A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life
Hinduism
A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms
Upandishads
Sacred writing of Hinduism that interpreted the stories and poems of the Aryans.
Ziggurat
A pyramid shaped temple tower
How were gender roles affected by migration
Due to the physical nature of the labor in demand, migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles in the home society that had been formerly occupied by men.
Maya civilization
A major civilization of Mesoamerica known for the most elaborate writing system in the Americas and other intellectual and artistic achievements
China civilization
its the oldest, buddhism, confucionism, taoism, gunpowder, paper, printing, magnetic compass, Great Wall, crop rotation and terrace farming, silk industry, pictographs
India Civilization Government
Similar government system as china, little social mobility, based on culture and religion
bottom of social hierarchy
slaves
Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek city-states, especially Athens, made major contributions to art, architecture, philosophy, literature, drama, and history.
Roman Civilization
Civilization that arose around Rome, absorbed Greek learning, and ruled much of Western Europe and the Mediterranean world; known for its engineering skills, laws, and Christianity.
Brahman
The term for The Univeral Soul in Hinduism.
Women in Sparta
had more rights than other Greek women; owned land, ran households when husbands were away, received physical training