physical violence
force resulting in injury or death
sexual violence
attempted or completed acts without permission
stalking
repeated unwanted attention through various methods
psychological aggression
emotional abuse of an aggressive nature
intimate partner violence also includes:
teen dating violence, can be physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional. youths who experience this are more likey to experience mental health issues and or participate in unhealthy behaviors. sexting or cyber abuse can be a means of access.
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
A federal law passed in 1974 requiring physicians to report cases of child abuse. recently amended to include sex and human trafficking. enhance protection for infants with Fetal Alcohol spectrum Disorder.
neglect
failure to provide childrens basic needs
physical abuse
nonaccidental injury that leads to harm of the child
sexual abuse
fondling, sexual acts, exploitation, and trafficiking
emotional abuse
pattern of behavior that harms a child's sense of self-worth or development
older adult abuse and neglect
involves both intentional and failure to act by a caregiver or trusted person. underreported with 60% performed by a family member
physical abuse older adults
intentionally assaulted, injured, threatened, or restrained
sexual abuse older adults
abusive sexual contact, any sexual contact against ones will
psychological or emotional abuse older adults
includes verbal and nonverbal behaviors intended to humiliate, isolate, or affirm control
neglect older adult
failure of caregiver to meet basic older adult needs
financial abuse or exploitation older adults
unauthorized use and/or improper use of older adults funds/resources
what are some of the health effects of violence?
immediate effects as well as residual effects of acts of violence leading to complications and more chronic health problems. -gender, gynecologic and obstetrical conditions with impact on fetus (preterm, low birth weight) -more likely to suffer from mental health problems (depression, suicide, PTTS, and substance abuse)
children who are abused are more likely to experience
ongoing poor health as they age. impact on brain development, behavioral learning delays, and higher risk for chronic disease
what are societal factors that might prevent a person from reporting partner violence?
poverty level leading to increased difficulties in daily struggles and conflict in relationships. past experience with discrimination based on lack of understanding of cultural diversity.
how does legal status affect someone reporting partner violence?
immigration status may prevent an individual seeking care based on fear of deportation.
Violence Against Women Act (1994)
Gave money to programs for prevention and treatment of female victims
how does lack of access to culturally appropriate care make it difficult to report partner abuse?
traditional roles foster dependency, the need for bilingual cultural interpreters in clinical practice settings
how to document IPV, child abuse, older adult abuse
-provide detail (non-biased progress notes injury maps, and photographic evidence)-transcribe verbatim -physical exam (thru documentation sing forensic tech terms)-provide digital photographic documentation in the medical record (obtain consent) -may have to separate from parent, spouse, and or caregiver, follow protocol
Abrasion
a wound caused by rubbing the skin or mucous membrane
avulsion
the tearing away of a structure or part
bruise
Superficial discoloration caused by hemorrhage into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin surface, without the skin itself being broken; also called a contusion.
contusion
A bruise; injury to tissues without breakage of skin; blood from broken blood vessels accumulates, producing pain, swelling, tenderness.
Ecchymosis
hemorrhagic spot, or bruise, caused by bleeding under the skin and irregularly formed in blue, purple, or brown patches
hematoma
A localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted in an organ, space, or tissue
hemorrhage
escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, which can be external, internal, and/or into the skin or the organ.
incision
A cut or wound made by a sharp instrument; the act of cutting
laceration
The act of tearing or splitting; a wound produced by the tearing and/or splitting of body tissue, usually from blunt impact over a bony surface.
lesion
a broad term referring to any pathologic or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part
patterned injury
An injury caused by an object that leaves a distinct pattern on the skin and/or organ (e.g., being whipped with an extension cord) or an injury caused by a unique mechanism of injury (e.g., immersion burns to the hands [glove burns] or feet [sock burns]).
Pattern of injuries
usually bruises and fractures in various stages of healing
petechiae
Minute, pinpoint, nonraised, perfectly round purplish-red spots caused by intradermal or submucous hemorrhage, which later turn blue or yellow.
puncture
the act of piercing or penetrating with a pointed object or instrument
stab wound
a penetrating, sharp, cutting injury that is deeper than it is wide
traumatic alopecia
loss of hair from pulling and yanking or by other traumatic means
wound
a general term referring to a bodily injury caused by physical means
What is the HITS screening tool?
*is a 4-item tool that asks clients to answer the following questions from never to frequentlyHow often does your partner: 1- Physically hurt you2- Insult or talk down to you 3- Threaten you with harm 4- Scream or curse at you **Can be used to screen adolescents for teen dating violence.
what is the STaT screening tool?
is a 3-item tool that includes the following questions. 1- Have you ever been in a relationship where your partner has pushed or slapped you?2- Have you ever been in a relationship where your partner threatened you with violence?3- Have you ever been in a relationship where your partner has thrown, broken, or punched things