a.Which description best defines chronological aging:i.One's present position in regard to the probability of survivalii.The number of years a person has livediii.A combination of mental and emotional agesiv.All of the above
ii.The number of years a person has lived
b.Which description best defines biological agingi.A combination of chronological and psychological agesii.A combination of mental and physiological ageiii.One's present position in regard to the probability of survivaliv.A combination of the chronologic, physiologic, mental, and emotional ages
iii.One's present position in regard to the probability of survival
c.Functional aging is a combination of:i.A combination of the biological, psychological and social, mental ages.ii.A combination of mental and emotional agesiii.One's present position in regard to the probability of survivaliv. None of the above
i.A combination of the biological, psychological and social, mental ages.
d.Which of the following is true about osteoarthritis?i.It is an autoimmune diseaseii.Pain will be felt in most jointsiii.A lack of physical activity is likely to make to make the condition worseiv.Surrounding muscles become stronger as they compensate for the pain
iii.A lack of physical activity is likely to make to make the condition worse
a.Which statement is a myth regarding an older adult, aging and physical participation in later lifei.Chronological age isn't the only determinant in how active an older adult isii.An older adult can perform certain activities if they were exposed to them in their young yearsiii.All older adults become senileiv.Older adults are productive both at work and in their recreational time
iii.All older adults become senile
a.At what rate does one's VO2Max decline in advanced aging depending on one's fitness level per decade?i. 8%ii. 10%iii. 12%iv. 14%
ii. 10%
b.What percentage of older adults have hypertension?i. 40%ii. 50%iii. 60%iv. 70%
iv. 70%
c.What is the main reasoning for muscular strength and endurance decline in the older adulti.Muscle hypertrophyii.Tendon strength connectionsiii.Muscle atrophyiv.None of the above
iii.Muscle atrophy
d.Significant decline in flexibility relating to the aging process is fromi.Elasticity of connective tissueii.Collagen becomes cross-linkediii.Synovial membranes degradeiv.All of the above
iv.All of the above
e.What percentage of older adult over the age of 80 have cognitive decline?i. 30%ii. 40%iii. 50%iv. 60%
iii. 50%
f.Which is a gastrointestinal disorder commonly found in an older adulti. Acid Refluxii. Bacterial Inflammationiii. Glomerulitisiv. None of the above
i.Acid Reflux
g.To combat the increasing effects of osteoporosis the most important component for an an older adult isi.Muscular strength/endurance exercisesii.Flexibility stretchesiii.Cardiorespiratoryiv.None of the above
i.Muscular strength/endurance exercises
h.What percentage of hip fractures in the older adult is due to fallsi. 70%ii. 85%iii. 95%iv. 100%
iii. 95%
i.What is the most prevalent postural deviation amongst the older adulti. Sway Backii. Kyphosisiii. Flat Backiv. Text neck
ii. Kyphosis
a.Which component(s) are related to the physical component of the dimension of well-beingi. Diseasesii. Living welliii. Spiritualiv. None of the above
i. Diseases
a.What description best defines Dependent functional abilityi.Exercise 2x a week or have a physically demanding job or hobbyii.Cannot execute some of or all of the BADLiii.Train almost daily for competition or to engage in a physically demanding jobiv.Can perform activities of daily living but cannot perform some of the activities to live independently
ii.Cannot execute some of or all of the BADL
b.What functional ability level does Independent fall underi.Train for physically demanding job or hobbyii.Cannot execute some of or all of the BADLiii.Live independently without some debilitating symptoms of diseaseiv.None of the above
iii.Live independently without some debilitating symptoms of disease
a.What is the definition of Cellular Theory of Aginga.Changes in the systems of controlb.Role of specific genes in the aging process and the associated changesc.Change of deterioration that is happening during the aging process to the individual celld.None of the above
c.Change of deterioration that is happening during the aging process to the individual cell
b.What is the definition of Genetic Theory of Aginga.Changes in the systems of control b.Role of specific genes in the aging process and the associated changesc.Change of deterioration that is happening during the aging process to the individual celld.None of the above
b.Role of specific genes in the aging process and the associated changes
c.What is the definition of Control Theory of Aginga.Changes in the systems of control of physiological functioningb.Role of specific genes in the aging process and the associated changesc.Change of deterioration that is happening during the aging process to the individual celld.None of the above
a.Changes in the systems of control of physiological functioning
a.What is a common cardiovascular condition prevalent to the older adulti. Hypertensionii. Osteoarthritisiii. Hypoglycemiaiv. Peripheral neuropathy
i. Hypertension
b.What is a common musculoskeletal condition prevalent to the older adulti. Hypertensionii. Osteoarthritisiii. Hypoglycemiaiv. Peripheral neuropathy
ii. Osteoarthritis
c.What is a common metabolic disorder prevalent to the older adulti. Hypotensionii. Osteoarthritisiii. Osteoporosisiv. None of the above
iii. Osteoporosis
a.When exercising an older adult client with Asthma which statement is the truest?i.A 5 minute warm-up is sufficientii.Swimming is the best mode of exerciseiii.Avoid a cool-down as they induce asthma attacksiv.Intermittent bouts of exercise may be more productive then one long session
iv.Intermittent bouts of exercise may be more productive then one long session
b.When exercising an older adult client with Low-back Pain which statement is contraindicated?i.To encourage progression ensure you take them to end range of motion regardless of painii.Choose low-impact or nonimpact activitiesiii.Prevent deconditioning of the back musclesiv.All statements are acceptable
i.To encourage progression ensure you take them to end range of motion regardless of pain
c.When exercising an older adult client who has had a, stroke which statement is false?i.Aerobic training is the primary mode used for conditioningii.Include resistance training on 5-6 days of the weekiii.Include circuit trainingiv.Always obtain medical clearance
ii.Include resistance training on 5-6 days of the week
a.Where is your most reliable information obtained from regarding older adults and diseases and exercisesi. Medical Office Assistantii. Exercise Specialistiii. Health care provideriv. World Wide Web
iii. Health care provider
a.What is an important statement regarding exercise and cognitive neural connections to ensure brain healthi.It is task specificii.More predominant in complex exercisesiii.A combination of aerobic conditioning and strength training shows higher resultsiv.All of the above
iv.All of the above
a.What factor is the PRIMARY to consider in program/design of the older adulti.Interestsii.Health statusiii.Motivation leveliv.All of the above
ii.Health status
b.By introducing the lunge with small bounds from one leg to the other, you are training a client's i.Static balanceii.Used for lower functioning older adultsiii.Power and reactivityiv.Strength
iii.Power and reactivity
c.When a current exercise is being performed and the client is finding it to easy how can you increase it's difficulty?d.Decrease the external resistancee.Shorten the lever lengthf.Increase the resistance slightlyg.Increase the resistance slightly and shorten the lever of the exercise (if necessary)
g.Increase the resistance slightly and shorten the lever of the exercise (if necessary)
i.What strategies would you use when teaching older adults who have visual loss?i.Use bright colorsii.Avoid treadmillsiii.Avoid rearranging equipmentiv.All of the above
iv.All of the above
h.A consideration when planning a warm-up for an older adult class/program is:i.Ballistic stretching should be usedii.Intense static stretching should be done at the endiii.Continuous rhythmic patterns should be usediv.Continuous rhythmic patterns should be used AND Intense static stretching should be done at the end
iv.Continuous rhythmic patterns should be used AND Intense static stretching should be done at the end
1.)Older adults who are learning new motor tasks maya.Learn best with little feedbackb.Learn in the same way as a teenager and just need practicec.Understand the importance of it to their daily livingd.Generally will be motivated to learn if other members/clients feel it is important
c.Understand the importance of it to their daily living
2.)How would you handle a participant who you felt was being disruptive by talking too much during a class/session? I would......a.Do Nothingb.Ask someone else to talk to themc.Remind them that they're here to exercised.Speak with them in private about balancing social interaction and physical activity
d.Speak with them in private about balancing social interaction and physical activity
3.)When participants are participating in seated exercises, what is proper posturea.Feet flat on the floor and neutral spine as possibleb.Ensure the seat is lower than the hipsc.Cross their legs in the direction that makes them most comfortabled.None of the above
a.Feet flat on the floor and neutral spine as possible
a.When working with a client who has memory challenges, you shouldi.Change the program frequentlyii.Teach the exercises quicklyiii.Provide repetition and review information regularlyiv.Assume they will always forget
iii.Provide repetition and review information regularly
b.For an older adult client who has challenges with balance, which machine would be LEAST appropriate for them to do cardio on?i. Upright bikeii. Eliptical traineriii. Treadmilliv. Seated bike
iii. Treadmill
c.How can you reduce the challenges of working with an older adult with auditory problemsi.Stand behind the client to spot them on exercisesii.Use verbal cues for correctioniii.Provide a an active and busy environmentiv.Keep your hands away from your face when speaking
iv.Keep your hands away from your face when speaking
a.What is the role of physical activity in a older adult between the ages of 75-84?i. Recreationii. Social Interactioniii. Developing identityiv. BADL
iv. BADL
b.What is the role of physical activity in a older adult between the ages of 65-74?i. Maintenanceii. Jobiii. Developing identityiv. Self-esteem
i. Maintenance
a.Which strategy is best used for the stages of change "preparation" phase?i.Setting SMART goalsii.Find them social supportiii.Outline the pros and cons of the benefits of activityiv.Revise short-term goals
i.Setting SMART goals
b.Which strategy is best used for the stages of change "precontemplation" phase?i.Setting SMART goalsii.Find them social supportiii.Outline the pros and cons of the benefits of activityiv.Revise short-term goals
iii.Outline the pros and cons of the benefits of activity
a.What is the age range that the Par-Q+ is used for?a. 15-55b. 15-60c. 15-65d. 15-69
d. 15-69
b.Which situation requires that you receive medical clearance before you train an older adulta.Blood pressure 130/80b.Diabetesc.BMI <27d.All of the above require medical clearance
b.Diabetes
c.Which situation does NOT require medical clearance before you train an older adulta.Low Back Painb.Hypertensionc.BMI >31d.Blood pressure 130/80
d.Blood pressure 130/80
d.Which statement best describes an informed consenta.Is a form of a liability waiverb.Provides disclosure of the purposes, procedures, risks and benefits associated with the assessmentsc.Acknowledges the risks associated with the activityd.Both B & C
d.Both B & C
a.Regularly completing what form ensures that the trainers is aware of a client's medical changesi.Exercise attitude formii.Agreement to participateiii.Health-History Questionnaireiv.None of the above
iii.Health-History Questionnaire
a.You have a new client for personal training and he is an older adult who has been sedentary for over 10 years now. He has gone to his Dr. for a medical exam and his Dr. has put him on blood pressure medication, but assures you he is stable and can work out. The Dr. suggests you keep the exercises intensity to low to moderate for the 1st month and see how he reacts to the sessions. You notice that during his warm-up, he is having a hard time keep up the pace. What would you do in this situation?i.Stop the exercise session and call 911ii.Reduce the intensity of the warm up and go for a little longer till he reaches a steadier state, ensuring you are asking him how he feels every minute or so.iii.Measure his blood pressure and make sure it is above 140/90 mmHgiv.Measure his heart rate and apply the R.P.E scale of intensity measure before continuing
ii.Reduce the intensity of the warm up and go for a little longer till he reaches a steadier state, ensuring you are asking him how he feels every minute or so.
b.Which exercise is most appropriate for a low functioning older adult when designing their activity class/program?i. Assisted Chair Squatii. Seated Leg pressiii. High Rise Step Upiv. Supine DB Bench Press
i. Assisted Chair Squat
c.For lower functioning older adults the following should be adhered to for exercise programming.i.Only performed from a chairii.All exercises should be done on a stability balliii.Standing exercises should be includediv.None of the above
iii.Standing exercises should be included
a.What is a legal requirement of training that must be in your CPR certification:i.AEDii.Two person and infant CPRiii.Pocket Maskiv.None of the above
i.AED
a.John is a 64-year-old new participant, used to work out on and off years ago, and is now sedentary, has medical clearance, and is on hypertensive medication and stable. Which of the following is true?i.Exercise intensity should be 6/10 RPE (modified scale) to ensure conditioning is occurringii.Resistance training is still recommended with lower repetitions and with high weightiii.Intermittent aerobic exercise is more beneficial than continuous exercise at a lower intensityiv.Aerobic exercise is recommended 5 times per week, 20-30 mins. Of continuous exercise to improve endurance training.
iv.Aerobic exercise is recommended 5 times per week, 20-30 mins. Of continuous exercise to improve endurance training.
b.What is the appropriate level of intensity to work an older adult in that best describe a low-moderate level of intensity for cardiovascular trainingi.RPE range of 6-8ii.Talk test of talking uncomfortablyiii.65% of MHRiv.None of the above
iii.65% of MHR
c.When performing strength training for an older adult looking to build strength should best be done in a rep range of:i.4-8ii.8-10iii.12-15iv.15-20
i.4-8
a.Which physical-fitness assessment is used for a lower functioning adulti.Stork-standii.Sharpened Romberg Testiii.McGill's Torso Muscular Enduranceiv.Senior Fitness Test
iv.Senior Fitness Test
b.Which physical-fitness assessment is used for a higher functioning adulti.Fullerton Advanced Balance Scaleii.Multidirectional Reach Testiii.McGill's Torso Muscular Endurance Testiv.Senior Fitness Test
iii.McGill's Torso Muscular Endurance Test
a.What are the basic movement patterns most relevant to ADL (Active Daily Living)?i.Bend-and-Lift, Lateral Push, Lateral Pulling, Single-Leg, Rotationalii.Lateral Push, Lateral Pulling, Single-Leg, Rotational, Bend-and-Liftiii.Lunging, Squatting, Pushing, Rotating, Pullingiv.Transverse Push, Sagittal Pulling, Frontal Bend-and-Lift, Hip Rotation, Spinal
iii.Lunging, Squatting, Pushing, Rotating, Pulling
a.What is the objective of the Sharpened Romberg Testi.Assess static balance by standing on one foot ii.Assess static balance and postural controliii.A good back up to the FAB testiv.None of the above
ii.Assess static balance and postural control
b.Which test is part of the Seniors Fitness Testi. Multidirectional Reachii. McGill Torso Testiii. 8-Foot -Up-and -Goiv. All of the above
iii. 8-Foot -Up-and -Go
a.Which is an appropriate tool/strategy to measure adherence to an exercise programi.The Health Belief Modelii.Relapse prevention Modeliii.Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Changeiv.Motivational Interviewing
iii.Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change
a.Which muscle group tends to be shorter (due to poor posture) in older adults?i. Bicepsii. Iliopsoasiii. Quadricepsiv. Erector spinae
ii. Iliopsoas
a.Which of the following is NOT an appropriate example of how to use interval training with inactive older adults?i.Exercise/rest/exerciseii.Slow jog/run/slow jog/runiii.Alternate upper body/lower body exercisesiv.Do exercises seated, then standing, seated, standing
ii.Slow jog/run/slow jog/run
a.Sheila is a 59 year old looking to improve her flexibility in both her hips and her shoulders. What do you feel is the best strategy to do this?i.Use R.O.M. stretches that take her joints beyond their normal limitsii.Measure her current r.o.m. on those joints and create a stability and mobility programiii.Use PNF methods specifically on those areas dailyiv.None of the above
ii.Measure her current r.o.m. on those joints and create a stability and mobility program
a.What is an appropriate measuring tool for an older adult who is on hypertension medicationi. Modified Borg Scale RPEii. HRR Formulaiii. MHR Formulaiv. None of the above
i.Modified Borg Scale RPE
b.Rita just retired and is now looking for a stretching program. Rita spends a lot of time knitting seated. Which of the following muscle groups would you include in a stretch program?i.Pectoralis major, hamstrings, gluteus maximus, iliopsoasii.Latissimus dorsi, gluteal medius, anterior deltoid, tricepsiii.Gluteus maximus, rhomboids, pectoralis major, erector spinaeiv.Gastrocnemius, Latissimus Dorsi, pectoralis major, hamstrings
i.Pectoralis major, hamstrings, gluteus maximus, iliopsoas
a.What does FITT meani.Frequency, Independent, Type, Timeii.Frequency, Intensity, Type, Timeiii.Frequency, Intensity, Tempo, Timeiv.None of the above
ii.Frequency, Intensity, Type, Time
b.What is a safe percentage of progression to apply when a client needs to increase their intensityi. 15-20%ii. 10-15%iii. 5-10%iv. All are correct
iii. 5-10%
a.What version of push-up would you instruct an older adult perform if they have never done the exercise before?i. Prone on a ballii. Hands on a raised benchiii. Standing against a walliv. On the floor on their knees
iii.Standing against a wall
b.Before adding a piece of equipment to a particular exercise, what must you ensure to reduce the risk of injury?i.That the participant has used the equipment beforeii.That you have the proper training to instruct how to use the equipmentiii.That the participant can do the original exercise with proper techniqueiv.All of the above
iv.All of the above
a.What is an easy way to estimate portion controli.Weigh your food by gramsii.Use objects as a size referenceiii.Reading Labelsiv.None of the above are easy
ii.Use objects as a size reference
b.What is the purpose of "Myplate"i.For easy measuring of required food groupsii.To ensure all food groups are eaten at each mealiii.For balanced eating on a daily basisiv.For all of the above
iv.For all of the above
a.What is an appropriate amount of calories needed for a moderately active older womani. 2000 ii. 1600iii. 2200iv. 1800
iv.1800
b.What is an appropriate and amount of calories needed for a not physically active mani. 1600ii. 1800iii. 2000iv. 2400
iii. 2000
a.What is a reason NOT to use music during an exercise session with an older adulti.Too distractiveii.Tone variations interrupt hearing patternsiii.Can't hear the instruction over the musiciv.All of the above
iv.All of the above
a.What is the main purpose of using music in an older adult exercise program?i.To challenge their balance systemsii.To motivate the participants through enjoymentiii.To make it easier for the instructor to cue the exercisesiv.None of the above
ii.To motivate the participants through enjoyment
3.To make music enjoyable for your class/session you shoulda.Ensure it is loud to motivateb.The style of music is up to date and modernc.The beats per minute are appropriated.It is motivating for you
c.The beats per minute are appropriate
a.What is a specialty program supported by NFLA to specialize with in the older adult marketa.Falling without Injuryb.Staying Lean after 60c.Osteofitd.Run don't Walk
c.Osteofit
a.Do you automatically have liability insurance through your registration as an Older Adult Instructor with BCPRAa.Yesb.No
a.Yes
b.Is it within your scope of practice as a BCRPA Older Adult Instructor to work with the frail and disabled older adulta.Yesb.No
b.No
a.What is a good marketing strategy to target the older adult demographicsa.Complimentary services provided by other companiesb.Approaching Seniors Centers with unique programming ideasc.Networking with allied health professionalsd.All the above
d.All the above