Behavior
An action that can be observed, measured, and modified.
Type 2 Diabetes
A long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
A behavior change model focused on the stages of change, the process of changing behavior, self-efficacy, and the decision balance.
Self-Efficacy
The certainty of one's ability to accomplish a particular task.
Motivational Interviewing (MI)
A collaborative, client-focused method of guiding a client toward a self-identified motivation for change.
Stages of Change
The series of temporal stages of readiness that a person progresses through during the behavior change process.
Processes of Change
The strategies and techniques that can influence an individual's transition from one stage of change to the next.
Self-Determination Theory
A general theory of human motivation that suggests a person is motivated to change by three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Autonomy
The need for self-governance and control over one's own behaviors.
Motivation
The reason(s) one has for behaving in a certain way.
Intrinsic Motivation
The drive to execute behaviors that are driven by internal or personal rewards.
Extrinsic Motivation
The drive to perform certain behaviors based on external factors such as praise, recognition, and money.
Competence
The basic need to feel a sense of mastery and operate effectively within the environment.
Relatedness
The need to feel connected to and supported by others as well as a sense of belonging within a group.
OARS model
A communication model for motivational interviewing that includes open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summarizing.
rapport
A close, harmonious relationship in which all parties involved understand one another's feelings and communicate well.
empathy
The ability to understand and share in the feelings of others.
goal setting
The process of identifying the client's ideal state, determining their current state, and defining the actions that must be taken to close the gap.
outcome goal
A goal where the end result is a specific desired outcome.
process goal
A goal where the focus is on the process or action that will lead to the desired end result.
smart principle
Acronym to enable goals to be more objective; S—specific, M—measurable, A—achievable, R—relevant, T—time-bound.
subjective goal
A goal based on a subjective outcome that will be dependent on the interpretation of the individual client.
objective goal
A goal based on objective, quantifiable data that can be measured and evaluated.
implementation intentions
A preset plan that links critical situations (e.g., anticipated obstacles or opportunities) to goal-directed responses.
monitoring
The process of observing and taking notice of routine behaviors that impact goal progress and achievement.