MRIT 2000 Week 1-Patient Care

Malpractice

medical wrong doing

Negligence

a breach or failure to fulfill the expected standard of care.

assualt

threat to inflict injury

battery

the actual physical impact on another peson

false imprisonment

confinement with our legal authority

slander

words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another

libel

written defamation that causes injury to another persons

res ispa loquitor

the thing speaks for itself

respndeat superior

let the master answer- his principle makes an employer or principal legally responsible for the wrongful acts done by an employee or agent

tort

a personal injury- a wrong that involves a breach of civil duty

beneficence

taking action to serve the best interest of patients and their families

informed consent

give in writing by a patient or legal guardian, attesting that the patient understands the procedure and all possible outcomes and agrees to undergo the examination.

written consent

an official binding agreement signed either on paper or digitally by parties involved

oral (verbal) consent

means that the individual obtaining consent reads/ explains a verbal version of consent and subjects gives their verbal consent.

implied consent

not expressly granted by a person but rather implicitly granted by a person's actions and the cards and circumstances of a particular situation.

confidentiality

involves a set of rules or a promise usually executed through confidentiality agreements that limits access or restrictions.

HIPPA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996-safeguarding of medical information

AHA

American Hospital Association- a professional association that seeks to promote quality health care provision by hospitals and health care networks.

objective signs/ symtptoms

objective indicators are factual that can be observed through inspection, palpation, auscultation- aka "signs

subjective signs/ symptoms

information provided by the patient- perceptible only to the patient such as pain, vertigo- aka symptoms

syndrome

a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition

claustrophobia

an extreme and/ or irrational fear of confined places.

A normal blood pressure range is?

less than 120/ less than 80

What is treatment for a contrast (Gad) reaction?

Prednisone or Benadryl

What are some serious reactions to contrast?

headache, hives or rashes, itchiness, stuffy nose or sneezing

what is treatment for a latex reaction?

antihistamines or corticosteroids

what are some latex reactions?

skin redness, rash, hives or itching

What are the 6 links of the infection cycle?

O.R.T.V.E.H- organism (pathogen), reservoir, transmission, vector, entry, host

Pathogen

any virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite

Reservoir

any person, animal, plant soil, or substances that an infection agent lives

Portal of exit

hoe the organism leaves a host- sneezing, coughing or fecal mater

Mode of transmission

how the organism is transmitted or travels.

Types of transmission?

Direct: droplet or direct contact.Indirect: airborne, vehicle-borne, vector-borne.

Portal of entry

site at which the organism can enter the host

Susceptible host

The final link in the chain of infection. Where the organism lives.

Medical Asepsis

Clean technique- reducing and preventing the spread of microorganisms

Surgical Asepsis

Sterile Technique- When you eliminate ALL pathogens completely from a surface.

What is the formula for contrast agent volume?

Volume= Dose x Weight/Contrast V=D x W/C

Fluro triggering

a way to see the auomatic bolus detection

Timing Bolus

a way to estimate the bolus arrival time

Automatic Bolus Tracking

used to trigger the begin of the exam with the time that the contrast agent reaches area of interest.

What is Gadolinium

used to enhance relaxation rates: injected into the blood stream and absorbed in certain tissues, making object appear bright on and MR image.

How long will contrast stay in the system with normal kidney function?

~24 hours and exits the through the urinary tract.

What keeps Gadolinium from being toxic?

a process called Chelation- Linear and Macrocyclic

What is Linear Chelation?

process that wraps Gad ions to an organic molecule- "chain and ball". ie. Magnevist, MultiHance, Omniscan and Eovist

What is Macrocyclic Chelation?

process that surrounds the Gad ions to an organic molecule-"cage". ie. ProHance, Gadavist, Dotarem.

Which Chelation is more stable?

Macrocyclic-More likely to pass through the body without losing any Gad.

What is the ideal type of contrast to use?

macrocyclic, non-ionic- to improve patient safety- ProHance or Gadavist

Which has higher risk Ionic or non- ionic?

Ionic- higher osmolality so higher risk of complications.

What lab values should be checked for contrast?

BUN: 7-20mg/dl, Creatine Men: .9-1.3mg/dl Women: .6-1.1mg/dl, eGFR: >30

What is Extravasation?

leakage of agents into tissues around IV site.

What is infiltration?

when the fluid infiltrates to the surrounding tissue.

What year was Magnavist IV Gad first approved by the FDA?

1988