chemistry
the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, and the changes that it goes through.
organic chemistry
the study of compounds containing carbon
inorganic chemistry
the study of compounds not containing carbon
physical chemistry
the study of the transfer of heat and energy (thermodynamics)
analytical chemistry
the identification of components and composition of materials
biochemistry
the study of processes occurring in living things
nuclear chemistry
the study of the changes in the nucleus of the atom
mass
measure of the amount of something
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
atoms
smallest unit of a substance that maintains the properties of the element
element
pure substance made up of only one kind of atom (periodic table)
compound
substance that contains more than one type of element
extensive changes in matter
depends on the amount of matter present
intensive changes in matter
does not depend on the amount of matter present
examples of extensive change
volume, mass, energy, weight
examples of intensive change
density, melting/boiling point, color, odor
physical property
characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
physical property examples
form, smell, melting/boiling point, size
physical change
a change that does not involve a change in identity
physical change examples
cutting, tearing, phase change
solid
definite shape and definite volume
liquid
definite volume only
gas
neither definite shape or volume
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to gas
evaporation/boiling
evaporation
occurs at the surface of a liquid, does not require heat
boiling
occurs within a liquid and requires heat
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to liquid
condensation
liquid to solid
freezing
gas to solid
sublimation
chemical property
relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
chemical property examples
flammability, reactivity, ability to rust
chemical change
a change in identity for a substance, usually irreversible
chemical change example
burning, rusting, digestion