CHEM unit 1

chemistry

the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, and the changes that it goes through.

organic chemistry

the study of compounds containing carbon

inorganic chemistry

the study of compounds not containing carbon

physical chemistry

the study of the transfer of heat and energy (thermodynamics)

analytical chemistry

the identification of components and composition of materials

biochemistry

the study of processes occurring in living things

nuclear chemistry

the study of the changes in the nucleus of the atom

mass

measure of the amount of something

matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

atoms

smallest unit of a substance that maintains the properties of the element

element

pure substance made up of only one kind of atom (periodic table)

compound

substance that contains more than one type of element

extensive changes in matter

depends on the amount of matter present

intensive changes in matter

does not depend on the amount of matter present

examples of extensive change

volume, mass, energy, weight

examples of intensive change

density, melting/boiling point, color, odor

physical property

characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

physical property examples

form, smell, melting/boiling point, size

physical change

a change that does not involve a change in identity

physical change examples

cutting, tearing, phase change

solid

definite shape and definite volume

liquid

definite volume only

gas

neither definite shape or volume

solid to liquid

melting

liquid to gas

evaporation/boiling

evaporation

occurs at the surface of a liquid, does not require heat

boiling

occurs within a liquid and requires heat

solid to gas

sublimation

gas to liquid

condensation

liquid to solid

freezing

gas to solid

sublimation

chemical property

relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

chemical property examples

flammability, reactivity, ability to rust

chemical change

a change in identity for a substance, usually irreversible

chemical change example

burning, rusting, digestion