3 shapes of bacteria

cocci, bacilli, spirilli, (round, rod, spiral)

Streptococcus is what shape

round

Lactobacillus is what shape

rod

Leptospira is what shape

spiral

types of bacteria in terms of metabolism

obligate/facilitative (an)aerobic or aerotolerant

the gooy stuff sounding the bacteria is called (sometimes)

capsule (helps keeps antibiotics and other crap away)

cell wall is made of

Peptido-glycan (Sugary+ Polypeptide)

gram positive vs gram negative cell wall(which is more antibiotic resistant)

gram negative because most antibiotics target the cell wall

size of ribosome (pro vs eu)

pro: 70Seu: 80Sremember: 3,4,5,6,7,8. odd = pro, even = eupro: 3 + 5 = 7eu: 4 + 6 = 8

Chemotaxis

Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus

pilli vs fimbriae

pilli = long hairfimbriae = short hairs

3 steps of binary fission

1. DNA Replication 2. Chromosome (and plasmid) Segregation 3. Separation(just like a divorce after family)

Bacteria growth stages

lag, log, stationary, death (remember the axis is a log!)

what are more plasmids associated with

antibiotic resistance and higher virulence

ways for antibiotic resistance to form (6)

capsule, plasmids, cell wall composition, new enzyme, ejections, new mechanisms

explain 4 parts of operon

regulation gene - codes for a repressor proteinpromotor - binds RNA poloperator - binding site for the repressor proteinstructural gene - protein in question

operons can be ______ or ______

inducible or repressible

4 ways to increase genetic diversity in bacteria

1) transduction - virus2) transposons - make random mutation in genome2) transformation - DNA floating in environment3) conjugation - F+, F- with sex pilus