Anatomy
Branch of science that deals with STRUCTURE or the body
Physiology
branch of science that deals with the FUNCTIONS of the body
Levels of orginization
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (regulate temp, sensory reception, synthesize products)
skeletal system
bones, ligaments, cartilage (provides support & protection , muscle attachment, produce blood cells)
Muscular System
muscle tissue, cardiac, smooth, skeletal (provides force that moves body, maintain posture, source of heat)
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, senses (detect change, cell communication, receive and interpret signals)
endocrine system
pituitary glands, hypothalamus, pancreas, liver, ovary, testes, adrenaline, thyroid, parathyroid (secrete hormones)
cardiovascular system
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood, lungs (transport gases, nutrients and hormones, moves waste to excretory system)
Lymphatic/Immune System
Lymph nodes, Thymus, Spleen (transport body tissue fluid, carries fat away, defend body from infection)
digestive system
stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, mouth, teeth, pharynx, saliva, esophagus (breakdown food, absorb nutrients, send waste)
Urinary/Excretory System
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra (remove waste, produce and store urine)
respiratory system
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (exchange 02 between blood)
reproductive system
produce and maintain gamete sex cells, support fetus
Antomical Position
a body is standing upright and facing forward with arms at the sides and the plams of the hand facing forward
Anterior
toward the front
posterior
toward the back
medial
closer to the midline
lateral
away from the midline, to the side
proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
distal
further away
superficial
near the surface
deep
opposite of superficial
ventral
toward the belly side
dorsal
toward the back side
body regions
refer to specific areas of the body
Sagittal plane
divides the body into a right and left side
transverse plane
horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
coronal plane
divides body into front and back
dorsal body cavities
cranial and spinal
ventral body cavity
thoracic, mediastinum, abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic body cavity
occurs above the diaphragm and contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
abdominopelvic cavity quadrants
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
abdominopelvic regions
nine specific anatomic areas of the abdominopelvic cavity