Unit 1

Anatomy

Branch of science that deals with STRUCTURE or the body

Physiology

branch of science that deals with the FUNCTIONS of the body

Levels of orginization

atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

integumentary system

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (regulate temp, sensory reception, synthesize products)

skeletal system

bones, ligaments, cartilage (provides support & protection , muscle attachment, produce blood cells)

Muscular System

muscle tissue, cardiac, smooth, skeletal (provides force that moves body, maintain posture, source of heat)

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves, senses (detect change, cell communication, receive and interpret signals)

endocrine system

pituitary glands, hypothalamus, pancreas, liver, ovary, testes, adrenaline, thyroid, parathyroid (secrete hormones)

cardiovascular system

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood, lungs (transport gases, nutrients and hormones, moves waste to excretory system)

Lymphatic/Immune System

Lymph nodes, Thymus, Spleen (transport body tissue fluid, carries fat away, defend body from infection)

digestive system

stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, mouth, teeth, pharynx, saliva, esophagus (breakdown food, absorb nutrients, send waste)

Urinary/Excretory System

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra (remove waste, produce and store urine)

respiratory system

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (exchange 02 between blood)

reproductive system

produce and maintain gamete sex cells, support fetus

Antomical Position

a body is standing upright and facing forward with arms at the sides and the plams of the hand facing forward

Anterior

toward the front

posterior

toward the back

medial

closer to the midline

lateral

away from the midline, to the side

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

distal

further away

superficial

near the surface

deep

opposite of superficial

ventral

toward the belly side

dorsal

toward the back side

body regions

refer to specific areas of the body

Sagittal plane

divides the body into a right and left side

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

coronal plane

divides body into front and back

dorsal body cavities

cranial and spinal

ventral body cavity

thoracic, mediastinum, abdominopelvic cavity

thoracic body cavity

occurs above the diaphragm and contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and thymus

abdominopelvic cavity quadrants

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

abdominopelvic regions

nine specific anatomic areas of the abdominopelvic cavity