Fetal death with failure to expel the fetus followed by absorption of placental fetal fluids
Mummification
Mummification process
-Fetus dies -Fetus desiccates -Uterus contracts tightly around mummy -CL persists-Cervix closed
Etiology of mummification
-Viral (BVD, blue tongue) -Protozoal -Lepto -Genetic -Metabolic
Pathogenesis of mummification
-Sudden fetal death (viral infection, blood supply issue, umbilical cord torsion)-Lack of prolonged fetal stress-Retention of fetus in uterus
Type of mummification: -Hemorrhage into placental interface -Uncommon -Can be hereditary (Jersey, Island, Guernsey)
Hematic
Type of mummification: -All species -Parchment like skin -Dont get putrid -Infectious cause
Papayraceous
Dx of mummification in cows
-Prolonged gestation presentation -Often accidental at herd check (mass in uterus, no fetal fluids, CL present)
Tx of mummification
-Lyse CL with PGFA2alpha (Progesterone falls --> cervix --> fetus expelled) -Hysterotomy via Colpotomy
Colpotomy process:
-Induce pneumovagina by incising anterior vaginal lateral to cervix-Enlarge incision -Pull out uterus -Cut it out and replace
Problem: -Abortion or parturition that didnt happen -No CL -Cervix open -Massive bacterial infection
Fetal maceration
In fetal maceration what is destroyed
Fetal soft tissue (so only bones left)
Dx of fetal maceration
-Accidental -Palpation -Bag of gravel -Foul odor -Acute: strain -Chronic: weight loss
Px of fetal maceration
Poor -Hard to dilate cervix -Endometrial damage-Bones embed
Tx of fetal maceration
-Delivery per vagina-Cervical dilation with PE-NOt really any
Hydrops type: -Most common -Rapid onset -ABdomen is round and tense -Normal fetus
Hydrops Allantois
When does Hydrops Allantois occur
Late gestation
Main cause of Hydrops Allantois
Placental insufficiency
Dx of Hydrops Allantois
-Recumbent cow -Fluid wave-Fetus unpalatable
Tx of Hydrops Allantois
Induce parturition (dex, PGF2alpha)
Hydrops type: -Craniofacial deformities -Pear shaped abdomen -Issue with fetus -Develops slowly -Mother not at risk-Low recurrence
Hydrops amnion
Where does uterine torsion usually occur
Caudal to cervix
When does uterine torsion occur
1st or 2nd stage of labor
Signs of uterine torsion
Abdominal pain with no calf
Dx of uterine torsion
Rectal exam (broad ligament stretched and tight on side torsion is on)
Tx of uterine torsion
-Rolling -Correction per vagina -Laparotomy
Plank in the flank method to tx uterine torsion
-Put a plank on the flank side with twist and stand on it -Move cow legs up -Move cow to other lateral side this allows you to move the cow to catch up with the uterus