hydroxyl group
-organic compounds with OH = alcohols-names typically end in -ol-ethanol-Makes substances a liquid
carbonyl group
-C=O-O double bonded to C-if C=O at end molecule = aldehyde-if C=O in middle of molecule = ketone
carboxyl group
-COOH-C double bonded to O & single bonded to OH group-compounds with COOH = acids-fatty acids-amino acids
amino group
-NH2-N attached to 2 H-compounds with NH2 = amines-amino acids-NH2 acts as base-ammonia picks up H+ from solution-makes more basic-amino acids make proteins
sulfhydryl group
-SH-S bonded to H-compounds with SH = thiols-SH groups stabilize the structure of proteins
phosphate group
-PO4-P bound to 4 O-connects to C through an O-lots of O = lots of negative charge-highly reactive-transfers energy between organic molecules-ATP, GTP, etc.
Cohesion
the sticking together of particles of the same substance.
Adhesion
An attraction between molecules of different substances
Surface tension
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
temperature moderation
Property of water in which water molecules resist temperature change because of hydrogen bonding.
temperature moderation
Water absorbs heat from warmer air and releases stored heat to cooler air
evaporative cooling
The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state.
high specific heat
A property of water. Water can absorb lots of heat before changing temperature
universal solvent
Water- due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many different solutes-aqueous solution
ice hydrogen bonds
are stable-ice floats not effecting life
liquid hydrogen bonds
break and reform
Hydrophobic
water fearing (non polar)lipids
Hydrophilic
attracted to water (polar)carbohydrates and salt
solution
A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.(evenly distributed)
specific heat
heat is absorbed when hydrogen bonds break heat is released when hydrogen bonds form
water vapor
becomes less dense when it freezesice is a good insulator(holds temp)
Acid is
hydrogen ion
base is
hydroxide
7-14
basic
1-7
acidic
Dissociation
a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
Suspension
A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration
PH for humans
7.35-7.45
water is a
neutralizer
human body creates
lactic acid
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Water is important because
-makes good insulator-resists temperature change-universal solvent-coolant-ice protects against temp. extremes
Acid rain
-Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions -having a PH lower than 5.6-can damage ecosystems
buffers
mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range
Blood is a buffer
It can release or gain a hydrogen when needed.
organic chemistry
the study of all chemicals containing carbon
isomers
Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
Thalidomide
A mild tranquilizer that, taken early in pregnancy, can produce a variety of malformations of the limbs, eyes, ears, and heart.
L version
active
d version
non active
water can interact with
proteins
lipdis allow you to
not dissolve
all life is built on
Carbon
Hydrocarbons
Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen
organic compounds with OH
alcohols