Quantitative Research
is a systematic investigation of observable phenomena where the research gathers quantitative phenomena where the researchers gathers.
kinds of quantitative research
descriptive, correlational, ex post facto, quansi-experimental
Probability Sampling
Is highly randomized. This qualitative research is often said to exhibit a lower level of subjectivity a higher rate of generalisability.
Generalisability
It can be defined as the extension of research findings and conclusions from a study conducted on a sample population to the population at large.
Descriptive
Seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable. these research projects are designed to provide systematic information about a phenomenon.
correlation
Attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two or more variables using statistical data. This type of research will recognize trends and patterns in data. The data, relationship, and distribution of variables are studied only.
Quasi-experimental
Attempts to establish cause effect relationship among the variables.
Ex post facto
Infer the causes of a phenomenon which has already occurred. Experimental manipulation is not used. The data collection technique is questionnare
Experimental
Often called true experimentation, uses the scientific method to establish the cause-effect relationship among a group of variables that make up a study.
Variables
is any element or entity which can be measured for quantity or quality.
Quantitative variable
can be measured numerically. It can be classified under two types: descrete and continuous.
Discrete Variable
Can be counted. They can only be denoted by the positive whole numbers and are not described in ranges.
Continuous variables
also referred to as interval variables are measured in ranges and can be denoted by non-whole numbers.
Ratio Variables
Are a special tryoe of continuous variable. This type of variable cannot have a negative value.
Qualitative variables
are also referred to as categorical variables. Despite lacking numerical value, these variables cam still be used in quantitative research. there are two types: dischotomous and nominal.
Dichotomous Variables
are those that only two distinct categories or values. an example of dichotomous variables is the response to a "yes/no" question.
Nominal variables
on the other hand, have more than two categories or values. ex. hair color, marital status
Ordinal Variables
Are variables that exhibit the characteristics of both quantitative and qualitative types. for instance, frequency is described are rare, seldom, sometimes, almost always or always; values of ratings are denoted as A+, A, B+, or B.
Dependent Variable
is the variable examined for changes.
Extraneous variable
which is any variable not categorized as a dependent or independent variable in a study.
Confounding variable
which is a variable that a researcher fails to control and threatens the validity of an experiment's procedure.