Psych test

What is a hypothesis?

An educated guess about the outcome of a research question. This tests the relationship between 2 or more variables.

What is the independent/dependent variable?

Independent - The variable that is manipulated or changedDependent - The variable that is used to observe and measure the effect of the independent variable

Extraneous variable?

A variable other than the independent variable that can cause a change in the dependent variable in an experiment.

Ethics rules to ensure participant safety

- Informed consent- Debriefing - Voluntary participation- Withdrawal rights - Confidentiality- Deception

Psych steps to research

1. Identify the research problem2. Formulate a hypothesis3. Design a method4. Collect the data5. Analyse the data6. Interpret the data7. Report the research

Central tendency (mean median mode)

When we collect data we measure it through mean (average), median (middle) and mode (common) to manipulate the data.

What is social influence?

The effect of the presence or actions of others on the way people think, feel and behave

What is social facilitation?

When you perform better because other people are watching you

What is social inhibition?

When you perform poorly because other people are watching you

What is social loafing?

The tendency of a team member to put in less effort in a group when individual performance is not visible

What is the learning curve?

A graph of the changes in behavior that occur over the course of learning. Typically your performance is rapid in the beginning but the more you do it, the slower the advancement of the skill.

What is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? Provide an example for each

Intrinsic - The push from within us (eg. Taking a walk to relax)Extrinsic - The external things that motivate us (eg. Working hard to earn money for a holiday)

Arousal and Task Performance (Yerkes-Dodson Law)

Complex task - Low level of arousal is bestSimple task - High level of arousal is bestArousal occurs when the body reacts to a 'threat' and activates the sympathetic nervous systemSleep, boredom, mild alertness, optimum, stress, anxiety, panic

What is the MacDonald Triad?

(1963) Enuresis + Fire setting + Torturing animals = serial murderer

What is psychopathy?

Is characterised by continuous antisocial behaviour, impulsivity, selfishness, callous and unemotional traits and remorselessness

What is narcissism?

Is characterised by grandiosity, pride, egotism and a lack of empathy

What is Machiavellianism?

Is characterised by manipulation and exploitation of others, an absence of morality and a higher level of self interest

Psychopathy vs. Sociopathy

Psychopathy - No conscience, no guilt/empathy, can blend in wellSociopathy - Weak conscience, know what they're doing is bad but still do it, cannot blend in well because they are less able to make excuses for their behaviour and blame others

Data types quantitative/qualitative + examples

Qualitative - - Information about the qualities or characteristics of what is being studied (eg. Written/verbal statements)Quantitative - - Numerical information on the quality or amount that is being studied (eg. Revenue in dollars)

What is empirical evidence?

The data collected through objective observation and methods