Hepatitis A (acute)
Direct contact or by fecal-contaminated food or water
Hepatitis B virus
virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood
Hepatitis C virus
Intravenous drug use, Not sterilised medical
Hepatitis D virus
Spread through contact with infected blood
Hepatitis E virus
Blood to blood contact unsafe sex and during childbirth
HIV
Immunodeficiency virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system. Prevention: pharmaceutical therapy.
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Failure of the body to develop antibody to infecting organism. it caused dementia complex, pneumonia.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ( STDs )
Gonorrhoea, Chancroid, Human papillomavirus, Chlamydia, Syphilis ,Cytomegalovirus CMV )
nosocomial infection
an infection acquired during hospitalization, Three groups, patient related,organisation,latrogenic
Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Attacked platelet, Virus, Mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Hantaviruses
RNA viruses, Rodents, Causes hemorrhagic fever
Malaria
Yellow skin ,Attacks the liver
Plague
Rodents,domestic cats and dogs , sheep and camels
Rabies
saliva of an infected animal
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Bacteria Rickettsia ricketsii,Ticks
Typhus
Bacteria from Rickettsia genus transmitted by fleas and lice,Epidemic typhus is more serious. Rickettsia prowazekii and Endemic and murine.
West Nile Encephalitis
inflammation of the brain caused by West Nile Virus.Eye pain
Yellow Fever
a disease transmitted by mosquitoes.Three types, sylvatic(jungle)Intermediate, urban.
Diphtheria
an acute disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, fever, painful swallowing and changes of skin color,hypoxia.
Mumps
swelling in neck( parotitis), in children, male on testies, paramyxovirus
whooping cough
pertussis, first stage is thick mucus.second stage is whooping noise, third stage recovery.
poliomyelitis (polio)
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord, transmitted orally, unilateral leg.
Rubella (German Measles)
reddish pink rash; RNA morbillivirus, fever
Tetanus
lockjaw
Varicella Zoster Virus
chicken pox in children, shingles in adults.
Legionellosis / Legionnaires ' disease
known as Pontiac fever Bacteria Legionella with high fever Simmilar to Pneumonia but Pneumonia low Fever.
Variola
smallpox, monkey pox, pus filled spot. Vomiting, hemorrhage. spread by fluid.
Meningitis
lining Brian an spinal cord.Involuntary eye-movement , fever , stiffness of the neck, seizures.
toxic shock syndrome
Bacteria Can send body To Shock, found in blood storm.
chain of infection
Pathogens, susceptible host, Port of entry, reservoir, port of exit, mode of transmission-infectious.
Pituitary hypofunction
Simmonds disease, Diabetes insipidus,Sheehan's syndrome,Pituitary dwarfism.
Simmonds disease
Hypofunction of the anterior pituitary (panhypopituitarism),
diabetes insipidus
Damage to the posterior pituitary gland reduce production of anti-diuretic hormone.
Sheehan syndrome
Blood loss to the pituitary during pregnancy
pituitary dwarfism
lack of growth hormone, normal proportions with short stature, Without loss to pituitary during pregnancy
hyperpituitarism
the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
Acromegaly
enlargement of the extremities, Cause hyperglycemia
Gigantism
abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty
Thyroid disease
disorders resulting from defects of the thyroid gland, can be genetic or acquired, results in either an increase or decrease in metabolism, controlled by drugs or surgery
Hyperthyroidism
excessive activity of the thyroid gland, T3 and T4. Can calls mood swing tachycardia congestive heart failure double vision nervousness tremor.
Graves' disease
Bulging eye
Goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland, horizontal swelling on the interior of the neck. hyperplasia of the thyroid,tumor mostly benign,iodine salt.
Hypothyroidism
A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than normal
certinism
Congenital hypothyroidism
Hashimoto Disease (thyroiditis)
autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, scar, fibrous tissue, shrinking of thyroid.
Congenital aplasia
lack of thyroid gland at birth
secondary hypothyroidism
caused by pituitary disease
tertiary hypothyroidism
defect in hypothalamus
Parathyroid disease
low calcium
hyperparathyroidism
excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma, Over secretion of phosphate from kidney
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Low levels of calcium, vitamin D deficiency
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Ran calcium level in the urine raise shortly
hyperparathyroidism pt intervention
Care must be taken when working with people with hyper parathyroidism because there is an increased danger of fracture as a result of the osteoporosis they getting fatigue Quickly
Hypo-parathyroidism
Causes hypocalcemiaLow level of calcium, loss of PTH hormone ,Can cause cramps and Convulsions, spasm in brain.
Adrenal Cortex Diseases
Addison's Disease ,Adrenocortical Hypofunction, Hypocortisolism, Adrenal Insufficiency.
Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison's Disease)
adrenal cortex does not produce enough hormone (cortisol or aldosterone)acute or chronic
adrenal insufficiency
May be either a primary such as a Addison disease or secondary from external factors.
primary disease
Resulting from a defect within the structure and not caused by an external factor.
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency
Autoimmune distraction of a adrenal gland.polyendocrine deficiency syndrome.
Addison Disease
Decrease cortisol and aldosterone. cortisol is particular to controlled blood pressure and cardiovascular function inhibits the inflammatory response and assist control of insulin and regulation of protein and metabolism.
Cushing syndrome
group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex, pituitary gland type two diabetes.
Cushing's syndrome
Obesity,moon face, hirsutism (excessive hair growth),impaired immune system,myopathy.
buffalo hump
Cushing's
Conn's syndrome
a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone, cortex, kidney, hypokalemia, Low level of potassium
Adrenal medulla disease
Pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
malignant tumor, grow rapidly, mainly in children.
Pheochromocytoma
tumor of the adrenal medulla, Lost tomorrow in adult usually benign.
diabetes mellitus
Chronic metabolic disorder lack of insulin produce by pancreas.
Type one diabetes
Diabetes which is caused when the pancreas cannot make insulin. The body destroy its own pancreatic. Insulin dependent most in children hypoglycemia.
type 2 diabetes
Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese. Insulin resistance, more gradually. Non-insulin dependent the body either does not produce sufficient in soline or the body is unable to utilize what is produce. hyperglycemia.
Diabetic neuropathy
too much blood sugar can make neurons less/more sensitive to pain. No blood flow, usually peripheral ,lower extremity, delay wound Hilling.
diabetic coma
caused by very high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), Results by infection
Normal range of blood sugar
Fasting blood sugar, 80-120 mg, hypoglycemia 70 mg, hyperglycemia 150 mg, after two hours of eating.
Hypoglycemia
Too much insulin, Can occur precipitously, neuron symptoms, ataxia, increase Pauls,
ketoacidosis
Too little insulin, develop slowly, dehydration, dry skin, low blood pressure , acidic symptoms ,vomiting .
Metabolic disorders
PhenylketonuriaWilson's disease
Phenylketonuria
Autosomal, abnormalities of white matter, seizure, differential diagnoses, testing dementia.
Wilson's disease
Incurable but can be control. differential diagnoses of liver disease or heart failure, vomiting blood.
eating disorders
Obesity, anorexia nervosa ( body image) ,bulimia nervosa( self vomiting) , vitamin deficiency( poor reduction absorption) metabolic disorders.
Mineral Deficiencies
calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, chloride, iodine.
Body type; shape
Ectomorph small frame, mesomorph,medium, endomorph, fat.