Anatomy
Stucture & shape of the body or its parts Name & location
Physiology
Study of how the body part & its parts worktypically the function
Levels of structural organization
Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, molecule
Anatomical Neutral Position
Standing upright, legs together, knees straight, toes pointing forward, Armes by the sides, palms facing forward, eyes forward
Superior
above
Inferior
below
Anterior/Ventral
towards the front
Posterior/Dorsal
Towards the rear
Medial
towards the middle
Lateral
away from the middle
Intermediate
between a medial + lateral structure
Proximal
close to a part of the body
Distal
farther away from a part of the body
Superficial
toward the surface
Deep
more internal
Midsagittal (median) plane
0
Frontal (cornal) plane
0
Transverse plane
0
Dorsal
Cranial & spinal body cavities
Ventral
thoriatic, diaphragm, abdominal & pelvic body cavities
Integumentary system
- Skin- Waterproofs & cushions body- Sweat controls temp- Organs: hair, nails & sebaceous glands
Skeletal System
- Bones- Framework & supports body- Stores minerals- Organs: scapula, clavicle, femur, humerus
Muscular System
- Muscles- Contract- Move fluids (blood) through body- Walk, leap, grasp- Organs: biceps, quadriceps, deltoid, gastrochemius
Nervous system
- Brain & spinal cord- Receives signals from environment- Sends messages to body- Organs: brain, motor neutons, sensory neurons, spinal cord
Endocrine system
- Endocrine glands- Releases hormones into blood- Controls body activity- Organs: adrenal glands & pancreas
Cardiovascular system: heart & blood vessels
- Carries oxygen, nutrients & hormones in blood- Heart = blood pump- Organs: blood, heart, vessels
Lymphatic system
- Lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels- Returns fluid leaked from blood to the blood vessels- Organ: spleen
Respiratory system
- Lungs & nasal passages- Supplies oxygen & removes carbon dioxide- Air sacs give & take gas from the blood- Organs: diaphragm, lungs, trachea
Digestive System
- Tube from mouth to anus, stomach & mouth- Break down food & deliver products to blood- Reclaim water- Organs: large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, oral cavity & pancreas
Urinary system
- Kidney & urinary bladder- Removes nitrogen-containing wastes from blood- Organs: bladder & kidney
Reproductive system
- Women: uterus & vagina- Men: scrotum & penis- Produce offspring- Uterus develops fetus- Organs: Fallopian tubes, ovaries, testes, uretha, uterus
Immune system
- Bone marrow- Defends body from bacteria, virus & toxins- Organs: bone marrow & white blood cells