Define superior
toward the head
Define inferior
toward the lower end of the body the feet
Define anterior
toward the front of the body
Define posterior
Toward the back of the body (opposite of anterior)
Define medial
Toward the midline of the body
Define lateral
toward the outer sides of the body (opposite of medial)
Define proximal
towards the body's mass
Define distal
away from the body's mass
Define long bones
work in hinge arrangements with other bones
Define short bones
cube shaped
Define flat bones
broad surface and play a protective role. limited range of movement
Define irregular bones
irregular shape, do not fit into other bone classification categories
Define synovial joints and examples
freely movable joints- ball & socket, hindge joint, pivot joint, gliding, saddle, condyloid joint
define ball and socket joint
allow multiple movements in all directions- shoulder
define hinge joint
bending or extending to decrease or increase the angle between two bones at a joint- elbow, ankle
define saddle joint
side to side movement- thumb
define pivot joint
one bone to turn or pivot around another- radius & ulnar
define gliding joint
allows sliding- small bones in wrist and foot
Define condyloid joint
movement in places at right angles between each other- jaw, knee
Define flexion action
A movement that decreases the angle between the bones at the joint- flexing muscle in arm
define extension
Increasing the angle of a joint- straightening the elbow or knee
Define abduction
movement away from the midline of the body- lifting arm to the side
define adduction
movement toward the midline- lifting arm back into body