The neuromuscular system is a complex system that integrates
Muscles and nerves
The neuromuscular system affects every part of the body and is vital in controlling
Involuntary and Voluntary movements
Nerves are
Long bundles of axons
Nerve Function
Transmits signals from the central nervous system
The nerve signals start of as
Electrical impulses generated at the end of nerve cells
The nerves signals travel along the __________ and then is transmitted to the next cell using chemical neurotransmitters secreted into the __________ from the _______________
Axon; Synapse; Axon terminal
Parts of the neuron
Dendrites, Cell body, Axon, Myelin sheath, Axon terminal
Dendrites
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
Cell body
Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm
Axon
The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Myelin Sheath
A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.
Axon Terminal
The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored
Nerves send and receive signals in the:
Neuromuscular system
Sensory (Afferent) Nerves
Send messages to the central nervous system
Motor (Efferent) Nerves
Send messages out to the muscles (Away from the cns)
Autonomic (Involuntary) Nervous System
Controls involuntary actions involving cardiac and smooth muscle, such as heart rhythm, digestion, and breathing
Somatic (Voluntary) Nervous System
Conscious control of skeletal muscles. * Voluntary nerve signals make skeletal muscles do a deliberate action such as walking, throwing, or typing.
There are three types of Muscles:
Smooth, Skeletal, Cardiac
Skeletal Muscles
Often attach to bone and are involved in the movements of bones
Smooth Muscles
Can be found in the stomach, blood vessels, and intestines
Cardiac Muscles
Can be found in the heart
Parts of Muscles
Actin, Myosin, Sarcomere units
Muscles contain long myofibrils which are made of what?
Sarcomere units
Each sarcomere unit contains long strands of proteins called
Actin and Myosin
Sarcomere Unit Function
Basic contractile unit of muscle fibers; Allows a muscle cell to contract
Actin Filament Function
(Thin filament) Muscle contraction, cell motility, cell shape and support
Myosin Filament Function
(Thick Filament) Muscle contraction and cell motility
Each muscle fiber is connected to a
Nerve fiber
For the entire muscle to move it takes a concerted effort by many ___ and ____ and the use of ___ to power the contraction.
Nerves; Fibers; ATP
When a muscle is relaxed,
Myosin and actin filaments are not attached
When a muscle contracts
The filaments (myosin and actin) bind and are pulled together
Skeletal muscles work by
Contracting
Contracting 1
* First the nervous system sends signal to the muscle
Contracting 2
* Actin and myosin proteins in the muscle slide past each other, creating either a contraction or relaxation of the muscles** These two basic motions are responsible for all muscle movements
Muscle Response
* Receptors in muscles allow them to receive a signal and respond with the appropriate magnitude and movement
The signal in motion response can be disrupted by disorder ranging from
Muscle strain, Muscle sprain, Muscular dystrophy
Which of the following actions is controlled by voluntary nerve signals?- Walking - Digestion - Heart beating - Breathing
Walking
Which of the following best describes the function of the nerve synapse
It allows for the passing of signals between neurons and muscles
Which of the muscle types of muscle cells are often voluntary
Skeletal
Which of the following types of nerves send messages to the brain
Sensory
A person put their hands on something hot but quickly removes it. Describes the pathway of the signal and response through the neuromuscular system
Sensory Nerves → Brain → Motor Nerves → Hand