Critical thinking
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions, but examines assumptions, appraisers the source, discern hidden biases, evaluate evidence, and assess his conclusions.
Empiricism
The idea that knowledge comes from experience, in the observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge.
Structuralism
Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and tircjener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Introspection
The process of "looking inward" and examining oneself and one's own actions in order to gain insight
Funtionalism
Really school of thought promoted by James in influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function how they enable to organism to adapt, survive, and force
Behaviorism
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist today agree with but not with.
Humanistic psychology
Historically significant perspective that emphasize the growth potential of healthy people in the individuals potential for personal growth
Wilheim Wundt
Set up for psychological laboratory; theory of structuralism
G Stanley Hall
First American to work for Wundt; founded of the American psychological Association and became the first person
Edward titchener
Structuralism, introspection
William James
Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment
Mary whiton calkins
First female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex
John b Watson
Behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for a little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat and other toys
B.F. skinner
Behaviorism; pioneer in the operate conditioning; behavior is based on an organism reinforcement history; worked with pigeons
Sigmund Freud
Austrian physician who is work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; sounded psychoanalysis
Psychoanalytic psychology
A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders. Influenced by the pioneering work of Sigmund fraud, emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality.
Carl rogers
Humanistic, self-concept and unconditional positive regard Drive personality
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic psychologist known for his " hierarchy of needs" in the concept of "self actualization
Margaret floy Washburn
First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd president of the APA (1921)