Energy needed to get a reaction started
Amphoteric
a substance that can act as both an acid and a base
Avogadro's number
6.02 x 10^23, the number of atoms or molecules in 1 mol
Buffer
compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH
Calorimetry
The precise measurement of heat flow out of a system for chemical and physical processes
Catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances
Chromatography
A laboratory technique used to separate mixtures of molecules
covalent bond
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Dilution
Adding water to a solution in order to decrease the concentration
dipole moment
a property of a molecule whose charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge
Distillation
the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.
Electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound
Endothermic
Absorbs heat
Enthalpy
The heat content of a system at constant pressure
Entropy
A measure of disorder or randomness.
equivalence point
the point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts
excess reactant
the reactant that is not completely used up in a chemical reaction
Exothermic
Releases heat
Frequency
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
gravimetric analysis
an analytical technique based on the measurement of mass
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily
homogeneous mixture
a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout
Hydrophillic
Attracted to water
Hydrophobic
Water fearing
Immiscible
liquids that are not soluble in each other
ion
A charged atom
ionazation energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Algia