What does each office have in common
is grounded in Israel's anointed offices,begins in Jesus' baptism, (basically kicks off this Messianic career)is tested in the wilderness, (the three wilderness temptations sort of reference each of these three offices of priest, prophet, and king)unfolds in Jesus' career,climaxes on the cross,continues in and through the Church, andculminates on the Last Day.
1. A wartime 'battle plan' is most analogous toA. a theory of atonement analyzing Jesus' significance for usB. God's mysterious intentions behind Jesus' messianic careerC. human traditions concerning God's wordD. subjective opinions about factual events in Jesus' life
B
2. Which is not an argument Keller makes in this chapter?A. The cross appeases or propitiates God's wrath at sinners.B. Genuine forgiveness involves costly suffering.C. God's love accomplishes a great reversal bringing an alternate kingdom.D. God's suffering honors moral justice and merciful love.E. The story of the cross involves and changes us.F. True love is interpersonal exchange.
A
3. According to Work, all of these happen in the wilderness exceptA. Jesus' anointed roles or offices are contrasted with popular desires for a messiahB. Jesus' impervious divine nature is triumphing over his weaker, tempted human natureC. Jesus is shown to be following God's mission as laid out in DeuteronomyD. Jesus refuses to make Israel's prior mistakes in, or on its way to, God's promised land
B
4. When Jesus touches a leper,A. Jesus is contaminated, because he shares our infirmities as our saviorB. Jesus is showing that the Torah's warnings of uncleanness are not to be taken seriouslyC. the leper is cleansed, showing that Jesus is the true Temple of God's presenceD. the leper is cleansed, showing that the Temple system is meaningless
C
The letter to the Hebrews addresses all of the following objections to reparation or sacrificial atonement theory except thatA. all should be saved (thus universalism) if Jesus died on behalf of allB. Jesus cannot be a priest because he is not a LeviteC. his death cannot be atoning because it is not offered in God's sanctuaryD. the resurrection of Jesus plays no role in our atonement
A
5. Which is not true of Anselm's satisfaction theory and Calvin's penal-substitution theory?A. each imagines God's "battle plan" from a particular cultural context.B. one displays God as loving, whereas the other displays God as cruel.C. one imagines guilt in terms of honor, the other in terms of criminal liability.D. one is more directly influential in contemporary Catholicism, the other in Reformed Protestantism.
B
What do priests do?
Priests sacrifice, and are God's and Israel's sacrifice (Num 8:5-22) at their meeting place.Priests intercede, teach torah, and discern and conserve Israel's holiness.
I said Jesus "takes the temple with him." Now we, his body, are his earthly temple. How do his people bear his resources of reconciliation? Check Matthew 16:18-19 and 18:21-35. What specific things do some of you do that pass along his priestly teaching, cleansing, exorcism, healing, and forgiveness?
Everytime we act selflessly or forgive we are continuing the domino effect of the atonement
What is the priestly office dilemma?
Dilemma: The blood required for cleansing (Ex 12:12, 24:8) cannot work (1 Sam 2, Isa 1:10-17, Mic 6:6-8, Heb 10:3-4).How can God require something that doesn't work?Each office (here priesthood) as it is set up in Israel seem to be incomplete or contradictory or simply radically inaccurate to what it is for
What is Christ's priestly mission?
offer the resources of reconciliation (Heb 9:14).
How does the devil tempt Jesus according to the priestly office?
The devil puts Him on top of the templeThe offer from the devil is "prove it," we continue to hear this time and time again throughout the gospels- Jesus knows that a heart that demands a sign won't believe it
Take up the listed objections to sacrificial atonement theory. Some are addressed in Hebrews or lecture, others in Keller's chapter on the cross, and others you may have to work at more on your own.
Could a God be just who sacrificed His son?Tritheism dysfunctional family notion
What does "Hilastêrion" mean?
expiation or propitiation.Propitiation = winning God's mercy through some sort of effort (like remorse or emotion)Expiation = repaymentPaul uses it to envision Jesus as the sacrificial bull or goat of Israel's sins
What are some objections in regard to the priestly office view of atonement?
Is Jesus qualified for priesthood? (Not a Levite)Is the cross a lawful sin offering? (Is Jesus put to death in the temple or by the Priests?)What is just about requiring or accepting Jesus' suffering? (Jesus was guiltless, so how was sacrificing a guiltless man make God just?)Is this (violent? cruel?) God the God whom Jesus reveals?Are all redeemed, or is atonement limited?
Variations of the priestly office's view of atonement
Satisfaction (Anselm)- From this context, Anselm determines that we were unfaithful vassals to God- Jesus satisfies the debt that God is owedpenal/vicarious substitution (Calvin)- His theory is we live in a relationship of covenant with God; when we break those rules, we incur legal guilt. It is only through God's guilt-free life and sinners death that He becomes a legal substitute for us
According to the priestly office's view of atonement, what does Jesus become?
Jesus is the temple of the New Jerusalem
How is atonement seen in regard to the priestly office?
As sacrifice or reparation Jesus is the sacrifice that repairs the divine-human relationship.Sin becomes guilt, grace becomes forgiveness.Popular in Catholicism and evangelical and Reformed Protestantism.
1. The roots of Israelite monarchyA. are contradicted and overturned by Jesus' claim to be king, ensuring his rejectionB. are not relevant to Jesus' royalty, because his kingdom is not of this worldC. run parallel to the monarchies of nations such as Egypt, Babylon, and RomeD. suggest a dilemma that needs to be resolved by the coming of the Kingdom
D
2. The Kingdom of God isA. a heavenly future away from the pain and suffering of the present-day creationB. a new political arrangement characterized by justice, mutual service, and gracious acceptanceC. a private attitude that we maintain as we live our public lives in diverse civil societiesD. God's forceful imposition of righteousness and peace on both rebellious Israel and its enemies
B
3. One Sabbath Jesus was going through the grainfields, and as his disciples walked along, they began to pick some heads of grain. The Pharisees said to him, "Look, why are they doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath?" He answered, "Have you never read what David did when he and his companions were hungry and in need? ... He entered the house of God and ate the consecrated bread, which is lawful only for priests to eat. And he also gave some to his companions. ... The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath."This passage (Mark 2:23-28) shows Jesus in the role ofA. insurrectionist, opposing a system that was not honoring God or serving peopleB. king, sharing one of his royal prerogatives with his disciplesC. king, overruling an unjust lawD. priest, doing what only priests are allowed to do
B
4. The Passover lamb most closely foreshadowsA. Jesus' blood as a ransom to the devil to win our freedomB. Jesus' death as defeating our captors and setting us freeC. Jesus' sacrifice to pay for our guiltD. none of the above
B
In our culture, being a victim of injustice confers a kind of status that it hasn't in older and other societies. On the cross, was Jesus a victim? In what sense(s) does the term fit, if any? In what sense(s) doesn't it? Be mindful of the definition as well as the connotations of the word.What are the implications for Christians in similar positions, for instance martyrs?What are the implications for people suffering injustice in other ways?What are the implications for perpetrators of injustice?
If victim means "someone who has gone through injustice" then Jesus is the victim and YET He is not hopeless or helpless, He is the hope, and the help
List some sign(s) that the Kingdom of God is a present, living reality.How are true signs to be distinguished from false signs?
Rightly ordered relationshipsAnalogous nature of GodThe Kingdom of God as a perspective lensCivil societyMoral order- Could fall into moral therapeutic diesm
What is the royal office's dilemma?
Dilemma: How can the kingdom of Israel be reconciled to the Kingdom of God?
What is Christ's royal mission?
Christ's royal mission: restore the Kingdom of David as the Kingdom of God.
How does the devil tempt Jesus in regard to the royal office?
The Devil tempts Jesus to worship him and all the kingdoms would be HisDeuteronomy 6 is Jesus' counter
What are some signs of the Kingdom of God in Jesus' ministry?
Highlights include calling twelve disciples (symbolizing the 12 tribes of Israel, now together, the king of all 12 tribes the way David was), associating with outcasts (Mark 2:16), breaking tradition on his own prerogative (Mark 2:23-28, 7:1-13, Matt 11:19), inviting sinners to enter through his word rather than ritual repentance, and entering Jerusalem as its "king coming" (Mark 11:10, cf. Ps 118:26; Matt 21:5/John 12:15, cf. Zech 9:9).He is a servant kingIt is subversive royal imagery
In regard to the royal office, how is atonement viewed?
As victory (Christus Victor)Christus Victor = Christ the winnerFor people in this school of thought, the cross means Christ defeated sin and deathSin becomes oppression, grace becomes liberation.Popular in the early Church, Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Pentecostalism, liberation theology.
What are some variations of the royal office's view of atonement?
Ransom theory-The early church came to see Jesus as a ransom by thinking of the fact that we are all in slavery to the ruler of this world, to Satan, so God sent His son to become a human being (which puts Satan in a bind - either he no longer claims all humanity or he has to seize Jesus himself, which he tries through temptations)- Although it is colorful and preaches well, ransom theory comes to be discarded - Even though it is often overlooked, Telford claim ransom theory actually appreciates and understands Jesus' sheer sovereign, obedient goodness which keeps manifesting itself in ways that are inherently threatening to powers against Him (to us)Christ the leaderChrist the healer
Objections of the royal office's view of atonement
Too 'respectful' of Satan, i.e., 'dualistic'?If Christ defeated opponents, aren't all defeated? (cf. Luke 20:36).If Christ defeated 'the power' of sin, aren't all saved? (cf. Luke 19:26-27).Does liberation really solve our problem? (cf. Ex 15:21-17:7).
Jesus shares his rule with us (Luke 22:28-30, Rev 3:21, 5:10) as ________
servant kings
1. Israel's prophets come closest toA. clairvoyants (people who see the future)B. lunaticsC. revolutionariesD. sages (wise men)
C
2. "Stand in the gate of the Lord's house, and proclaim ...: 'Amend your ways and your deeds, and I will let you dwell in this place. Do not trust in these deceptive words: "This is the temple of the Lord, the temple of the Lord, the temple of the Lord." ... Will you steal, murder, commit adultery, swear falsely, make offerings to Baal, and go after other gods that you have not known, and then come and stand before me in this house, which is called by my name, and say, 'We are delivered!' — only to go on doing all these abominations? Has this house, which is called by my name, become a den of robbers in your eyes? ... Go now to my place that was in Shiloh, where I made my name dwell at first, and see what I did to it because of the evil of my people Israel. ... I will do to the house that is called by my name ... as I did to Shiloh.'"This passage (from Jeremiah 7) relates to Jesus' workA. as a king, speaking with God's authority over another institution in IsraelB. as a priest, cleansing the temple where priests do their work conserving holinessC. as a prophet, proclaiming the temple's coming destruction and its significanceD. as one of these offices, but not in the way described
C
True/False: Work suggests that the plurality and striking differences among atonement theories"demonstrate that God's thoughts and ways are simply above ours
False
True/False: Work suggests that the plurality and striking differences among atonement theories"may be reconciled in a sufficiently rich narrative of Jesus' ministry
True
True/False: Work suggests that the plurality and striking differences among atonement theories"prove that religious claims reflect private opinions rather than universal truth
False
True/False: Work suggests that the plurality and striking differences among atonement theories"resemble diversities in Israel's atonement rites and complexities in how we celebrate Jesus
True
True/False: Work suggests that the plurality and striking differences among atonement theories"show that atonement theories vary radically in quality, and call for our careful scrutiny
False; Work doesn't make this claim, many theologians do
Match each objection to the cluster of atonement theories to which it is directed."Christus Victor"A It suggests either that all are saved, or none at all.B It takes sin too lightly.C Its view of violence seems to contradict God's gracious character.
A
Match each objection to the cluster of atonement theories to which it is directed."Example/moral influence"A It suggests either that all are saved, or none at all.B It takes sin too lightly.C Its view of violence seems to contradict God's gracious character.
B
Match each objection to the cluster of atonement theories to which it is directed."Reparation/sacrifice"A It suggests either that all are saved, or none at all.B It takes sin too lightly.C Its view of violence seems to contradict God's gracious character.
C
which theory best explains our deliverance from which outcome of sin"Death"A. Christus VictorB. example / moral influenceC. reparation / sacrifice
A
which theory best explains our deliverance from which outcome of sin"Disposal"A. Christus VictorB. example / moral influenceC. reparation / sacrifice
B
which theory best explains our deliverance from which outcome of sin"Repossession/Punishment"A. Christus VictorB. example / moral influenceC. reparation / sacrifice
C
What is the dilemma of the prophetic office?
Dilemma: he does not arrive (Deut 34:10-12, cf. Acts 3:18-26).There never arises another prophet like Moses, this is true throughout the OT and only Jesus comes to fulfill
What is Christ's mission according to the prophetic office?
announce the Kingdom's approach
How does the Devil try to tempt Christ in the prophetic office?
Devil's (and opponents') counterstrategy: seek a sign (Luke 4:3-4, Deut 8:3; Matt 12:38-39).The Devil tempts Jesus to turn a stone into bread, perform a sign, essentially prompting him to do a speech-act, "something prophetic
What is Jesus doing when He destroys the temple?
He is ushering in a new eschatological age
How does the prophetic office view atonement?
Moral influence or examplePeter Abelard and predecessors: Jesus' redemptive love changes our characterJesus' redemptive love lends to us trusting in Him and therefore in God the FatherIn this vision of atonement our problem is ignorance (Or Concupiscence = Augustine's term for wrongly ordered love)Sin becomes concupiscence and ignorance, grace becomes revelation and inspiration"The Son of Man must be lifted up" (John 3:14-15, after Numbers 21:4-9): Facing the cross saves us.Popular in the early church, liberal Protestantism; increasingly popular in revivalism.
What are the two things we see on the cross according to the prophetic office view of atonement?
Our failure God's truthfulnessThe cross is therefore God's ultimate speech-act
What are some objections to the prophetic office view of atonement?
Why do the cross's witnesses not comprehend or change?Is salvation merely psychological? (it becomes the changing of our inner selves)Is crucifixion truly required for this change?Is the underlying doctrine of sin adequate?What 'love' would crucifixion express if it is primarily symbolic? (Isn't this a strange symbol of love, death on the cross?)
According to the prophetic office, what happens when Jesus gives His Spirit?
disciples become inspired prophets (Acts 2, on Joel 2; 1 Cor 11:5; John 16:12-15; Matt 28:20) with whom Jesus speaks clearly