speed and mobility
what did the horses provide?
basic needs
what did the buffalo provide for?
The government supported them, railroads supported them, and they found gold
Why did the settlers continue to pursue land in the West?
The Dawes Act
What attempted to assimilate natives?
Assimilation
A plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become a part of the white culture.
The Dawes Act
what called for the break up of reservations and the introduction of natives into American life?
2/3rds
how much of the land committed to the Natives was taken?
an insult to the Indians, harmful to their food supply, and a way to control the Indians
the settlers killing the buffalo was:
Urbanization
the rise of the railroad was instrumental in the rise of beef consumption.
The growth of cities
What led to the growing demand for beef?
Homestead Act
in 1862, 160 free acres were given to any "head of household" was called what?
Transcontinental Railroad
The central and Pacific Union, Pacific railroads met in Promontory Point, Utah and laid a Golden spike.
provide settlers with enough land to start their lives
what was the Homestead Acts main goal?
Exodusters
what were African Americans who moved from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas were called what?
droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, locust, plagues, and bandits
What are some of the extreme hardships that frontier settlers faced?
John Deere
who invented the steel plow that could slice through heavy soil and pulled by mules or horses?
Steel plow and reaping machine
what two inventions helped farmers?
bushel of wheat
What price fell from $200 to 68 cents?
Railroads
who kept their costs artificially high?
cycle of debt
what did farmers get caught in?
produce more crops
what did the farmers need to do in order to keep up?
Bonanza Farm
what was the name of the new type of farm?
Tough weather, decrease in crop prices, tough legislation from railroads, and debt
what issue(s) were the farmers facing during the Populist movement?
grange
an organization of farmers
The grange
who spent most of their time arguing with the railroads?
farmer alliances
those who sympathized with farmers
they were charging high prices to use their services
why were the farmers fighting the Railroads?
A political or people party
what does the Populist party consist of?
rich owners
who controlled the country?
leaders of the farmers organization
who needed to build a base of political power?
Populism
the movement of the people- was born in 1892 with the founding of the Populist, or People's party.
to protect the farmers from unjust business practices
what was the main goal of the populist party?
bimetallism
those who favored using both vs. those that favored the Gold (republican/rich people) Standards alone. Was what the Populist party wanted.
William McKinley
Republicans favored the Gold Standard and nominated who to run?
William Jennings Bryan
Democrats favored bimetallism and nominated who to run?
McKinley
who won the election of 1896?
Populism collapsed bringing hope of the farmers
what happened when McKinley won the election?
poor can organize and be heard and an agenda of reforms
what two important legacies did Populism leave?
The people realized they had a voice
even though populism failed at this time, why was it important?
Downtrodden
poor people