Chromosomes are made up of a strand of what?
DNA (condensed)
Sections of DNA are called what?
Genes
Largest to Smallest
Chromosomes-->DNA--> Genes
Do chromosomes and DNA contain genes?
Yes
Bands on chromosomes represent what?
genes
Do genes contain chromosomes and DNA?
NO
Genes provide what?
The genetic code to make proteins.
Proteins determine what?
The traits
The genetic code is produced by what?
The nitrogen bases
What are the four nitrogen bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
What is a mutation?
A mistake in the genetic code
When can mutations occur?
When the nitrogen bases pair wrong
Can mutations be beneficial, harmful, or neutral?
They can be all three.
What is the order of genes coding for proteins?
DNA divided into genes-->Genes code for proteins-->Proteins determine traits
What is the saying to remember the 4 nitrogen bases?
Apples in the Tree (Adenine & Thymine); Cars in the Garage (Cytosine & Guanine)
If you change the genetic code (DNA), will you change the protein that is produced?
YES
If you change the genetic code and protein that is produced, will that change the trait?
Yes
What does a beneficial mutation do?
Gives the organism an advantage/helps it
What does a harmful mutation do?
Hurts the organism
What does a neutral mutation do?
Does not affect negatively or give an advantage