Chapter 9

amnionitis

inflammation of the amnion

chorioamnionitis

inflammation of the chorion and amnion

choriocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of the chorion

dystocia

difficult labor

hysterorrhexis

rupture of the uterus

oligohydramnios

scanty amnion water (less than the normal amount of amniotic fluid; 500ml or less)

polyhydramninos

much amnion water (more than the normal amount of amniotic fluid; 2000ml or more) (hydramnios)

abortion (AB)

termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo before fetal viability, usually before 20 weeks of gestation. miscarriage is natural

abruptio placentae

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

eclampsia

severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion

ectopic pregnancy

pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, commonly in the uterine tubes

placenta previa

abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervix [dilation of cervix can cause separation and bleeding. c section required]

preeclampsia

abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high blood pressure, edema, and proteinuria, but with no convulsions or coma. The cause is unknown; if not successfully treated the condition will progress to eclampsia. Eclampsia is the third most common cause of maternal death in the United States after hemorrhage and infection

microcephalus

(fetus with very) small head

omphalitis

inflammation of the umbilicus

omphalocele

herniation at the umbilicus (a part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall at birth)

pyloric stenosis

narrowing pertaining to the pyloric sphincter

tracheoesophageal fistula

abnormal passageway pertaining to the esophagus and the trachea

cleft lip and palate

congenital split of the lip and roof of the mouth

Down syndrome

congenital condition characterized by varying degrees of mental retardation and multiple defects. trisomy 21

erythroblastosis fetalis

condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis of the erythrocytes. The condition is usually caused by incompatibility of the infant's and mother's blood, occurring when the mother's blood is Rh negative and the infant's blood is Rh positive

esophageal atresia

congenital absence of part of the esophagus. Food cannot pass from the baby's mouth to the stomach

fetal alcohol sydrome

a condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. Various birth defects may present, including central nervous system dysfunction and malformations of the skull and face

gastroschisis

a congenital fissure of the abdominal wall not at the umbilicus. Enterocele, protrusion of the intestine, is usually present

respiratory distress syndrome

a respiratory complication in the newborn especially in premature infants. In premature infants RS is caused by normal immaturity of the respiratory system resulting in compromised respiration

spina bifia

congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close. If the meninges protrude through the opening the condition is called meningocele. Protrusion of both the meninges and spinal cord is called meningomyelocele

amniotomy

incision into the amnion (rupture of the fetal membrane to induce labor)

episiotomy

incision of the vulva (perineum), sometimes performed during delivery. perineotomy

pelvic sonography

pertaining to the pelvis, process of recording sound

amniocentesis

surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid. The fluid is used for the assessment of fetal health and maturity to aid in diagnosing fetal abnormalities

amnioscope

instrument used for visual examination of the amniotic fluid (and the fetus)

amnioscopy

visual examination of amniotic fluid (and the fetus)

amniochorial

pertaining to the amnion and chorion

amniorrhea

discharge (escape) of amniotic fluid

amniorrhexis

rupture of the amnion

antepartum

before childbirth (reference to the mother)

embryogenic

producing an embryo

embryoid

resembling an embryo

fetal

pertaining to the fetus

gravida

pregnant (woman); (a woman who is or has been pregnant, regardless of pregnancy outcome)

gravidopuerperal

pertaining to the pregnancy and childbirth (from delivery until reproductive organs return to normal)

intrapartum

within (during) labor and childbirth

lactic

pertaining to milk

lactogenic

producing milk (by stimulation)

lactorrhea

(spontaneous) discharge of milk

multigravida

many pregnancies (a woman who has been pregnant two or more times)

multipara (multip)

many births (a woman who has given birth to two or more viable offspring)

natal

pertaining to birth

neonate

new birth (an infant from birth to 4 weeks of age)

neonatologist

physician who studies and treats disorders of the newborn

neonatology

study of the newborn

nulligravida

no pregnancies (a woman who has never been pregnant)

nullipara

no births (a woman who has not given birth to a viable offspring)

para

birth (a woman who has given birth to a viable offspring)

postnatal

pertaining to after birth (reference to the newborn)

post partum

pertaining to after birth (mother)

antepartum

before birth (mother)

prenatal

before birth (newborn)

primigravida

first pregnancy (a woman in her first pregnancy)

pseudocyesis

false pregnancy (a woman who believes she is pregnant - this may be a psychological condition or related to underlying pathology, such as a uterine tumor)

primipara (primip)

first birth (a woman who has given birth to one viable offspring)

peurpera

childbirth (a woman who has just given birth)

purperal

pertaining to (immediately after) childbirth

teratogen

any agent producing malformations (in the developing embryo). Teratogens include chemicals agents such as drugs, alcohol, viruses, x-rays, and environmental factors such as age or health of the mother

teratogenic

producing malformations (in the developing embryo)

teratology

study of malformations (usually in regard to the malformations caused by teratogens on the developing embryo)

Apgar score

system for rapid neonatal assessment at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

breech presentation

parturition (act of giving birth) in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emrge first

cephalic presentation

parturition (act of giving birth) in which any part of the head emerges first. It is the most common presentation

cesarean section

the birth of a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus

colostrum

thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth before lactation begins

congenital anomaly

abnormality present at birth

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

a method of fertilizing human ova outside the body and placing the zygote into the uterus; used when infertility is present

lactation

the secretion of milk

lochia

vaginal discharge after childbirth

meconium

first stool of the newborn (greenish black)

midwife

an individual who practices midwifery or assistance in childbirth

midwifery

the practice of assisting in childbirth

obstetrician

physician who specializes in obstetrics

obstetrics

medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium

parturition

act of giving birth

premature infant

infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation

puerperium

period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal (approximately 6 weeks)

quickening

the first feeling of movement of the fetus in utero by the pregnant woman. It usually occurs between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation

stillborn

born dead

postpartum

after childbirth (reference to the mother)

apgar score

system for rapid neonatal assessment at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

cephalic presentation

birth position in which nay part of the head emerges first. It is most common presentation

amni/o, amnion/o

amnion, amniotic fluid

chori/o

chorion (fetal membrane)

gravid/o

pregnancy

nat/o

birth

omphal/o

umbilivus, navel

par/o, par/o

childbirth, labor, bear

puerper/o

childbirth

pylor/o

pylorus, pyloric sphincter (opening from the stomach to the small intestines)

terat/o

malformations

ante- pre-

before

micro-

small

multi-

many

nulli-

none

post-

after

-amnios

amnion, amniotic fluid

-cyesis

pregnancy

e, is, um, us

no meaning

-rrhexis

rupture

-tocia

birth/labor

CS

CESAREAN SECTION

CVS

chorionic villus sampling takes sample of tissue from placenta for prenatal genetic diagnosis

EDD

expected date of delivery

FAS

fetal alcohol syndrome

multip

multipara; multiparous

NB

newborn

OB

obstetrics

primip

primipara

RDS

respiratory distress syndrome - in the newborn infant, condition marked by dyspnea and cyanosis and related to absence of surfactant, a substance that permits normal expansion of lungs; also called hyaline membrane disease

VBAC

vaginal birth after c-section