PenicillinMOA:
Weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive water and rupture
Penicillin Main adverse effect
allergic reaction
What family are the Penicillins in
In the Bata-Lactam Familyalso includes cephalosporins, imipenem
AmpicillinMOA:
Weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive water and rupture
Amphicillin major and minor AE
allergic reaction rashdiarrhea
Classification of the Penicillins
Narrow-spectrum penicillins Narrow-spectrum penicillins Broad-spectrum penicillins Extended-spectrum penicillins
Narrow-spectrum penicillin
PENICILLIN)Pencillinase-sensitive
Narrow-spectrum penicillins
NAFCILLIN)Pencillinase-resistant
Broad-spectrum penicillins
AMPICILLIN)
Extended-spectrum penicillins
PIPERACILLIN
Is penicillin a narrow or broad-spectrum drug? What does this mean for the patient?
Narrow-spectrum. Meaning it only kills certain bacteria.
Is ampicillin a broader spectrum than penicillin?
Ampicillin is a broader spectrum than penicillin.
Why was clavulanic acid added to amoxicillin to make the drug Augmentin?
Clavulanic acid inactivates beta-lactamase enzymes that are produced by bacteria, therefore preventing enzymatic destruction of amoxicillin
What bacteria can nafcillin kill?
What bacteria can nafcillin kill?
What can the antibiotics piperacillin/tazobactam kill?
One of the broadest antimicrobial spectra of all penicillinsUseful against pseudomonas
Penicillin C (Benzylpenicillin)
Bactericidal to a number of gram-positive and some gram-negative organismsStrep throat
Penicillin C (Benzylpenicillin) AE
Adverse effectsLeast toxic of all antibioticsPenicillins are the most common cause of drug allergy
MRSA
IS NOT AFFECTED BY THE ABOVE DRUGS
Extended-spectrum penicillins
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)One of the broadest antimicrobial spectra of all penicillinsThe tazobactam is a beta lactamase inhibitor
in Piperacillin/tazobactam, the tazobactam is
beta lactamase inhibitor
Assessing penicillin allergy
1. If history of mild reaction - consider cephalosporin2. If history of anaphylaxis - avoid administration of penicillin or cephalosporins
If anaphylaxis occurs after the administration penicillin...
TREATMENT IS EPINEPHRINE
what does anaphylaxis look like?
Laryngeal edemaBronchoconstriction- wheezingSevere hypotensionoften systemic hives (urticaria) are present