Macromolecules
A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
Carbohydrates
Broken down to glucose to provide energy; quick energy, main source of energy
Proteins
Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues; chains of amino acids
Lipids
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; long term energy storage.
Nucleic acids
polymers of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions; catalysts
Substrate
The reactant on which an enzyme works.
Catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Activation Energy
Energy needed to get a reaction started
Products
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Organelles are
compartments within cells
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
cell membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
cell wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Lysosomes
Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts
Golgi apparatus
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Vesicle
Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.