Chapter 1 terms civics

government

the governing body of a nation, state, or community.

Power

the rate at which work is done

policy

a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual.

state

a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.

Sovereignty

supreme power or authority

politics

the effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government

Legitimacy

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule

Divine Right of Kings

the doctrine that the right of rule derives directly from God, not from the consent of the people.

Social Contract

An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed

Theory

A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data

Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

Dictatorship

A form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority.

Oligarchy

A government ruled by a few powerful people

Direct Democracy

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

Republic

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

unitary system

A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government

federal system

the sharing of power between the central and state governments

confederal system

A form of government in which independent states unite to accomplish common goals.

presidental system

government in which the executive is chosen independently of the legislature and the two branches are separate

Parliamentary system

A system of government in which the legislature selects the prime minister or president.

ideal

conception of something in its most perfect form

liberty

freedom

equality

the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.

self-government

a system of government in which people make their own laws

majority rule

Governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority.

minority rights

A principle of traditional democratic theory that guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities.

Liberal Democracy

a form of democracy that protects the rights of the minority

free enterprise

an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control.