Hasty Generalization
Making a claim based on evidence that it is just too small. A statement based on a lack of evidence. Not necessarily the evidence itself, but a lack in the amount.
Appeal to Pity
Trying to make a point in the argument by trying to make someone feel bad.
Ad hominem
An insult to the opponent.
Ad Populum
Riding an argument based on what is being favored.
Weak Analogy
A comparison between two concepts in an argument, despite the arguments not being similar in nature, or not relating much.
Post Hoc
After the fact" Because an event happened before another, the prior event is responsible for the latter event.
Red Herring
When irrelevant info is presented alongside relevant info in order to stray the listener. A tangent. Distraction.
Equivocation
Alternating between different definitions of a word in the argument's presence.
Appeal to Authority
Use of someone with a "higher opinion" to completely justify a statement.
Either/Or
Establishing that two sides of an argument are viable. Treating them as if they are the only two options.
Circular Logic
Using two supporting points to circle back to the original reasons with no evidence.
Slippery Slope
A chain reaction indicating a dire consequence with little evidence to support.
Straw Man
Setting up a weaker version of the opponent's position, and treating that like the opposition.
Genetic Fallacy
The origins of a concept make it less valuable.