AOTA fact sheet
role of OT in health promotion
Primary Prevention
aims to prevent disease before it occurs
Healthy eatings is
primary prevention
Secondary Prevention
aims to reduce the impact of a disease that has already occurred or been diagnosed
Getting monthly lab values drawn to prevent worsening of disease after being diagnosed with early-stage liver failure
secondary prevention
Tertiary Prevention
aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects - chronic diseases
An individual with heart disease undergoing a CABG after a heart attack
tertiary prevention
social cognitive theory
humans do not live in isolation and learn not only according to their own thought processes and observational learning but also in response to the environments that surround them
fall risk programs, measure to decrease BMI, screening for diabetes
secondary
Social cognitive key words
reciprocal determinism, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and human agency
Health Belief Model
Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors
Transtheoretical Model
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Program Planning Model
Precede-Proceed and MATCH
Precede Proceed is the
gold standard
Precede
predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling causes in educational diagnosis and evaluation (phase 1 - 4)
Proceed
policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs in educational and environmental development (phase 5 -9)
Phase 1: social assessment
Involves investigation into quality of life of target populationGeneral quality of life info (measurable factors) → unemployment rates, poverty, crime, & population densityEngaging community members to voice their needs, wants, and desires
Phase 2: Epidemiological Assessment
Identification of health issues and associated goalsAnswering relevant questions ~ can be done by using health statistics
Phase 3: behavioral & environmental assessments
key environmental influences that may be promoting or hindering health behaviorBehavioral indicators include factors such as - consumption patterns, preventive actions, self careEnvironmental indicators include - medical services, economic & community resources
Phase 4: Educational and Ecological Assessment
occurs to identify the factors that will facilitate changes in individual behavior and environmental context Predisposing factors-occur at the cognitive level • Knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes, skills, beliefs Enabling factors-help individuals act on the motivation to change behavior
Phase 6: Implementation
Varies based on results of assessments & desires of target audienceUnderstanding best practices for behavior change meets creative & innovative thinking
Phase 5: Administrative and Policy Assessment
involves the identification of organizational and administrative opportunities and barriers for developing and implementing a program
Phase 6: Program Implementation
Varies based on results of assessments & desires of target audience Understanding best practices for behavior change meets creative & innovative thinking
evaluation phase (7,8,&9)
process, impact, outcome
7. Process evaluation
collects info regarding program implementation
8 - impact of eval
measures impact of program, what are measurable
9 - outcome eval
actual change in health and social benefits or quality of life for target participants
Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH)
○ Similar to PRECEDE-PROCEED○ Focus on assessing population health and workign with communities to help in identifying opportunities for improving community health○ Identify and implement evidence-based programs and policies to address health issues○ The emphasis of this model is on program implementation
Phrases of MATCH
■ 1. Goal Selection■ 2. Intervention Planning■ 3. Program Development■ 4. Implementation Preparations■ 5. Evaluation
Risk Factors
precursors that increase an individuals or populations vulnerability to developing a diseases or disability or sustaining an injury
Casual
health problem cannot occur in the absence of the risk factor
Contributory
interact with other risk factors, leading to development, exacerbation or maintenance of disease
Occupational alienation
issues that arise as a result of engagement in occupation that does not satisfy inner needsTasks that are stressful, meaningless, or boring can cause this
Occupational delay
development that does not follow the typical schedule
Occupational deprivation
deprivation of occupational choice because of circumstances beyond controlPoor health, disability, lack of transportation, homelessness, isolation
Occupational disparities
inequalities in occupational patterns as a result of occupational injustice
occupational imbalance
lack of balance resulting in decreased well-being
occupational interruption
a temporary interference with occupational performance or participation as a result of a change in personal, social, or environmental factors
Resiliency factors
precursors that appear to increase an individual's or population's resistance to developing a disease or disability or sustaining an injury
Occupational Adaptation
The ability to adjust and respond to challenges and changes in circumstances that require modifications in occupational performance or participation
Occupational coherence
engagement in occupations that are congruent with one's current aspirational roles
Occupational continuity
engagement in valued and meaningful occupations that provide a continuous sense of occupational identity throughout one's life
occupational competence
the degree to which people are able to sustain a pattern of doing that enacts their occupational identity
occupational identity
sense of who one is and wants to become as an occupational being
occupational orchestration
capacity of an individual to meet their own needs and expectations by enacting their occupations
occupational self efficacy
the belief in one's capacity to perform occupations to meet one's own needs and the demands of the environment
CHCP
client, funding, interventionbased on dynamic systems theory
USPSTF
to help practitioners determine what services are appropriate for a client based on age, sex, and SDOH
Grade A
recommends the servicebenefit is substantial
Grade B
recommends the service benefit is moderate
Grade C
only if other considerations support offeringonly small benefit
Grade D
recommends against serviceno benefit
How do OTS promote health
Work with people in recovery to mitigate side effects on daily functioningPerform assessments for health risksEvaluate children for gross and fine motor, sensory processing, and behavior deficitsTeach strategies for healthy habitsIdentify solutions to barriersProvide skills training
Grade I
evidence lacking or poor quality
Current global health issues are closely linked to
occupational justice issues
Global health trends
Noncommunicable diseasesInfectious diseasesFood suppliesEnvironmental factorsHealthcare in war zonesAntimicrobial resistanceWeak primary healthcare systems
National health issues
Physical activity and nutritionOverweightTobaccoSubstance abuseHIVMental HealthInjury and violenceEnvironmental quality
Occupational justice
The equitable opportunity and resources to enable people's engagement in meaningful occupationsCommutative, distributive, socialFocus on health and quality of life, enabling people, and individual differences
social determinants of health
Conditions into which a person is born that have an impact on health, functioning, and quality of lifeEconomic stabilityEducation access and qualitySocial and community contextHealthcare access and qualityNeighborhood and built environment
Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP)
Used in psych rehab, technique to support self-management and coherence, reduce depression and anxiety and improved participatns' self-perceived recovery over time.5 key principles:HopePersonal responsibilityEducationSelf advocacySupport
Eustress
can promote positive change, adaption and accommodation
Distress
actual or perceived threat to the body's ability to maintain homeostasis
Cardiovascular
increased HR (acute), coronary artery disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure (chronic)
GI
changed eating habits or "butterflies" (acute), ulcers, colitis, chron's (chronic)
Musculoskeletal
muscles tense and trigger HA (acute), RA, chronic low back pain, joint pain (chronic)
Respiratory
fast breathing and asthma or hay fever
Endocrine
increased release of cortisol
Nervous
fight or flight, fast HR and high BP
Sedentary population
physical inactivity among people w disabilities
24% of adults meet
recommended physical activity guidelines
Caregivers
burnout and burden 1/3 experience their own poor health
Falls
1/4 older adults fall each year
Understanding basic steps of needs assessment
Collect relevant dataAnalyze and synthesize dataDetermine prioritiesIdentify and evaluate alternative solutionsFormulate action plan
health literacy
ability of individuals to gather, interpret, and use information to make suitable health-realted decisionsPersons with inadequate health literacy are more likely to experience adverse health outcomes, linked to increased risk for hospitalization, increased costs of healthcare, increased morbidity
Telehealth
The application of evaluative, consultative, preventative, and therapeutic services delivered through telecommunication and information technologies"Can be HIPPA compliant (depending), evidence-based, and considered a service delivery model
lifestyle redesign
Process of developing and enacting a customized routine of health promoting and meaningful daily activitiesTerm lifestyle includes occupational factors suchs as ADLs, IADLs, habits, routines, health status, environmental, attidues, mood
Didactic presentation
education regarding topic, occupation, and how it affects participants. Process of self-analysis regarding the topic and occupations
Peer exchange
participants share life experiences related to topic and group problem-solving
Direct experience
community outings and activities, provided a sense of control and self-efficacy
Personal exploration
time for reflection on season content through writing exercises or discussions
Complementary
alternative practices that are incorporated with integrative health care or the typical allopathic health care
Alternative
those practices outside of the mainstream of medical careAyurvedaAcupunctureHomeopathyNaturopathicTraditional healers
Integrative
includes the practice of both complementary and alternative remedies to promote healingRelationship oriented careUse natural, less invasive interventions before costly invasive interventionsHealing is possible even when a cure is not
NC`CIH Mission
Define through rigorous scientific investigation the usefulness and safety of complementary and integrative interventions and their roles in improving health and healthcare