What is the function of a chloroplast?
Organelle that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Plant cell structure
Cell wall - made up of cellulose which gives the ridged structure and strength to the plants. It surrounds the cell membraneBig, central vacuole - filled up of sap Chloroplasts - filled with chlorophyll
Animal cell structure
Lack of cell wall - animal cells only have cell membraneSeveral, small and temporary vacuoles to store waste and other substances No chloroplast
Autotrophic organisms
Plants - as they produce there own food by photosynthesis
Heterotrophic organisms
Animals - as they need to eat other organisms
Osmosis
The diffusion of water molecules from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Types of ions
Magnesium and nitrate
Magnesium functions in plants
The central control of the chlorophyll molecule in plant tissue- if Mg is deficient, the shortage of chlorophyll results in poor and stunned growth
Nitrate functions in plants
Plants use nitrate as a supply of nitrogen, who'd is need to make proteins for health growth - if nitrate is deficient,the amount of chlorophyll in leaves reduces and leaves turn a pale green colour, the reduces the plants ability to photosynthesis and grow properly
Two features of the villi ghat help the small intestine to function
Wall that is just one cell wall think so there is only a short distance for absorption to happen Network of blood capillaries for transporting glucose and amino acids
How does the villi differ from a person with coeliac disease to a healthy person?
The villi becomes flat, making it difficult to absorb the nutrients
Red blood cell
Carries oxygen to all the body's cells, it has a high efficient protein called haemoglobin that binds with oxygen molecules
Features of a red blood cell
Thin outer walls Membrane to let oxygen diffuse easily
Sperm cell
Carry male genetic information
Features of a sperm cell
The head contains genetic information to penetrate the egg
Neuron
Transmits electrical impulses across the nervous system quickly
Features of a neuron
Axon, a long extension of thr cytoplasm which means impulses can be transmitted to extremities of one cell
What us the main product of photosynthesis?
Glucose, which is changed to starch almost immediately - starch is only found where there is chloroplasts
What are the raw materials required by plants for photosynthesis?
Water and carbon dioxide