3 agents used to manipulate immune responses
1. hormones2. antibodies3. cytokines
3 types of immunosuppressive drugs
1. corticosteroids2. cytotoxic drugs3. non-cytotoxic drugs
which type of immunosuppressive drug inhibits inflammation by inhibiting cytokine production?a. corticosteroidsb. cytotoxic drugsc. non-cytotoxic drugs
a. corticosteroids
which type of immunosuppressive drug inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis?a. corticosteroidsb. cytotoxic drugsc. non-cytotoxic drugs
b. cytotoxic drugs
which type of immunosuppressive drug interferes with clonal expansion and T cell migration?a. corticosteroidsb. cytotoxic drugsc. non-cytotoxic drugs
c. non-cytotoxic drugs
1 example of corticosteroids
Prednisone
3 examples of cytotoxic drugs
1. azathioprine2. cyclophosphamide3. mycophenolate
1 example of non-cytotoxic drugs
cyclosporin A
which drugs can result in opportunistic infections?a. corticosteroidsb. cytotoxic drugsc. non-cytotoxic drugs
a. corticosteroids AND b. cytotoxic drugs
T or FPrednisone acts systemically
T
3 targets of Prednisone
1. CD4 T cells2. macrophages3. monocytes
cytotoxic drugs are most effective in _________ cells
rapidly dividing
which enzyme does cyclosporin A inhibit?
protein phosphatase, thus resulting in lack of IL-2
which antibodies incorporate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
depleting antibodies
which antibodies act by binding macrophages and DCs for phagocytosis?
depleting antibodies
which antibodies act by blocking the function of the protein that they target?
non-depleting antibodies
3 examples of depleting antibodies
1. anti-lymphocyte globulin2. alemtuzumab3. rituximab
which depleting antibody recognizes CD52 and induces cytokine release?a. anti-lymphocyte globulinb. alemtuzumabc. rituximab
b. alemtuzumab
which depleting antibody recognizes CD20?a. anti-lymphocyte globulinb. alemtuzumabc. rituximab
c. rituximab
the action of which antibodies ultimately results in lymphopenia?
depleting antibodies
intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is polyvalent _________ pooled from multiple donors
IgG
3 infections intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is involved in
1. acute2. primary (acquired) immune deficiencies3. autoimmune & inflammatory
T or Fmonoclonal antibodies are heterogenous and identical
Fmonoclonal antibodies are homogenous and identical
which drug ending signifies the antibodies are fully mouse?
-omab
which drug ending signifies that there was a changed Fc receptor?
-ximab
which drug ending signifies that the antibody is chimeric?
-ximab
which drug ending signifies DNA recombinant technology was used to make the antibody like human IgG?
-zumab
which drug ending signifies the antibodies are fully human?
-umab
3 immunomodulatory therapies that alleviate rheumatoid arthritis
1. anti-TNF2. anti-IL6R3. anti-IL1R
which cells recognize tumor rejection antigens (TRAs)?
T cells
3 phases of tumor editing by the immune system
1. elimination2. equilibrium3. escape
5 factors that contribute to tumor evasion of immune recognition
1. low immunogenicity2. tumor treated as self-Ag3. antigenic modulation4. tumor-induced immune suppression5. tumor-induced privilege site
2 immunotherapies for head & neck cancer
1. Nivolumab2. Pembrolizumab
what is the process in which antibody fragments recognize tumor-specific proteins and are fused with TCR signaling domains in head & neck cancer?
chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T cell therapy