cheerless
adj. not causing happiness or warm feelings 阴郁的 gloomy
cherish
(1)v. to feel or show great love for 珍爱 (2)v. to remember or hold in a deeply felt way 怀有
chic
adj. following the current fashion or style 时髦的 elegant
chimera
n. something that exists only in the imagination and is not possible in reality 幻想 illusion
choreograph
v. to arrange or direct the movements, progress, or detail of 精心安排
churlish
adj. not polite 无礼的//助记: 在教堂打闹-> 无礼
circuitous
adj. not straight, short, and direct 拐弯抹角的 indirect
circumscribe
v. to limit the size or amount of 限制 confine, limit
circumspect
adj. thinking carefully about possible risks before doing or saying something 谨慎的 prudent, chary, cautious
circumstantial
adj. belonging to, consisting in, or dependent on circumstances 依情况而定的 contingent
circumvent
v. to avoid being stopped by 避开 bypass, sidestep, skirt
civic
adj. of or relating to a citizen, a city, citizenship, or community affairs 公民的
civility
n. polite actions and words 礼貌 comity
clandestine
adj. marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy 秘密的 covert, surreptitious
clerical
adj. of or relating to a clerk or office worker 职员的，牧师的//助记: 来自 clerk文职 clergy牧师
cliquish
adj. spend time only with other members of the group and seem unfriendly towards people who are not in the group 小集团的
cloak
v. to hide or disguise 掩盖
clot
v. to become thick and partly solid 凝结
clumsy
adj. awkward or inefficient in use or construction 笨拙的
cluster
v. to come together to form a group 聚集
coalesce
v. to come together to form one group or mass 合并
coherent
(1)adj. working closely and well together 连贯的 (2)adj. able to talk or express yourself in a clear way that can be easily understood 条理清楚的" orderly
collective
adj. shared or done by a group of people 共同的，集体的
collide
v. to hit something or each other with strong force 碰撞
collude
v. conspire, plot 串通
colossal
adj. very large or great 巨大的 immense
comity
n. friendly social atmosphere 友谊 civility
commendation
n. the act of praising or approving of someone or something 称赞 approbation
commensurate
adj. equal or similar to something in size, amount, or degree 相称的 proportionate
commonplace
(1)n. something that happens or appears in many places and is not unusual 常见 (2)n. an obvious or trite comment 陈词滥调 pervasive
comparable
adj. used to say that two or more things are very similar and can be compared to each other 相似的 analogous
compartmentalize
v. to divide into separate sections 划分, 区分
compelling
(1)adj. very interesting 激发兴趣的 (2)adj. capable of causing someone to believe or agree 令人信服的 (3)adj. strong and forceful 强大的 interesting
compensate
v. to make up for some defect or weakness 补偿
competing
adj. used for ideas, requirements, or interests that cannot all be right or satisfied at the same time 相互矛盾的
complacent
adj. satisfied with how things are and not wanting to change them 自满的
composed
adj. calm and in control of your emotions 镇定的 unperturbed, collected, coolheaded
comprehend
v. to understand 理解
comprehensive
adj. covering completely or broadly 全面的 exhaustive, sweeping, generic, inclusive
comprise
v. to include or consist of 包含
compromise
(1)n. a way of reaching agreement in which each person or group gives up something that was wanted in order to end an argument or dispute 妥协 (2)v. to damage or weaken 危害 六选二: impair, concession 让步妥协
compulsory
adj. mandatory, enforced 强迫的
compunction
n. a feeling of guilt or regret 后悔
concede
v. to say that you accept or do not deny the truth or existence of 承认 acknowledge
conceivable
adj. imaginable or possible 可想象的, 可信的 plausible /adj. 似乎是真的，貌似有理的；
conciliatory
adj. willing to end a disagreement with someone 愿意和解的 placatory
concoct
(1)v. to make by mixing different things together 混合而制 (2)v. to invent or develop 编造
condemn
v. to say in a strong and definitive way that someone or something is bad or wrong 谴责 decry
condign
adj. deserved, appropriate 适当的 meet
conducive
adj. making it easy, possible, or likely for something to happen or exist 有助于...的
confessional
adj. telling private information about a person's life 自白的
confine
v. to keep within limits 限制 limit, circumscribe
conform to
(1)v. to obey or agree with something 遵从 (2)v. to be in agreement or harmony 与...一致" square with
confound
(1)v. to surprise and confuse 使迷惑 (2)v. to prove wrong 证明...有误" perplex, flummox
confront
v. to oppose or challenge especially in a direct and forceful way 与...对峙
confused
adj. unable to understand or think clearly 迷惑的 muddled
conjecture
n. an opinion or idea formed without proof or sufficient evidence 推测 speculation
consensus
n. a general agreement about something 一致意见 accord
considerable
adj. large in extent or degree 相当大的
consistent
adj. continuing to happen or develop in the same way 始终如一的
conspicuous
adj. very easy to see or notice 显眼的 obtrusive, prominent, salient, remarkable
constitute
v. to make up or form something 形成
constrain
(1)v. to limit or restrict 限制 (2)v. to use pressure to force to do something 强迫deter 阻止 威慑
construe
v. to understand in a particular way 诠释，分析 interpret
consummate
adj. complete in every detail 完美的
consumption
(1)n. the use of something 消耗 (2)n. the utilization of economic goods in the satisfaction of wants or in the process of production resulting chiefly in their destruction, deterioration, or transformation 消费
contagious
(1)adj. having a sickness that can be passed to someone else by touching 接触传染的 (2)adj. capable of being easily spread to others 有感染力的
contemplate
v. to think deeply or carefully about 深入思考, 凝视 ponder
contemptuous
adj. feeling or showing deep hatred or disapproval 轻蔑的 disdainful
contented
adj. happy and satisfied 满足的
contentious
(1)adj. likely to cause people to argue or disagree 引起争议的 (2)adj. likely or willing to argue 好争议的controversial
contingent
adj. depending on something else that might or might not happen 取决于 circumstantial
contract
(1)v. to become smaller 收缩 (2)n. a legal agreement between people, companies, etc. 合同 (3)v. to become affected with 感染" dwindle减少
contradictory
adj. involving or having information that disagrees with other information 矛盾的 dichotomous
contravene
v. to fail to do what is required by 触犯, 违反 violate
controversial
adj. relating to or causing much discussion, disagreement, or argument 有争议的 contentious
conundrum
n. a confusing or difficult problem 谜题, 难题 riddle, puzzle, enigma
convoluted
adj. very complicated and difficult to understand 复杂难解的 intricate, tortuous冗长费解的；曲折的
convulsion
n. a sudden change or disturbance that affects a country, organization, etc. 动乱 upheaval
cooperate
v. to associate with another or others for mutual benefit 合作
corroborate
v. to support with evidence or authority 证实
corrupt
(1)v. to cause to become dishonest, immoral, etc. 使...败坏 (2)adj. doing things that are dishonest or illegal in order to make money or to gain or keep power 贪污的
counterforce
n. a contrary or opposing force 反作用力
counterintuitive
adj. not agreeing with what seems right or natural 违反直觉的 unexpected
counterpart
n. someone or something that has the same job or purpose as another 对应的人或物 parallel
counterproductive
adj. tending to hinder the attainment of a desired goal 事与愿违的 deleterious 有害的
courteous
adj. very polite in a way that shows respect 有礼貌的
covert
adj. made, shown, or done in a way that is not easily seen or notices 秘密的 clandestine
covet
v. to want very much 贪求, 觊觎 envy
cower
v. to shrink away or crouch 畏缩
crab
v. to complain about peevishly 抱怨 excoriate斥责
craft
n. skill in planning, making, or executing 工艺，手艺
crass
adj. having or showing no understanding of what is proper or acceptable 愚钝的
credit
(1)n. a record of how well you have paid your bills in the past 信用 (2)v. to give honor or recognition to for doing something or for making something happen 赞扬
credulous
adj. too ready to believe things 轻信的 trusting
crestfallen
adj. very sad and disappointed 不高兴的 disgruntled
crumble
v. to break into small pieces 崩溃，破碎 disintegrate
cryptic
adj. difficult to understand 神秘的, 难解的 elusive
cumbersome
(1)adj. hard to handle or manage because of size or weight 笨重的 (2)adj. complicated and hard to do 复杂难做的" unwieldy
cunning
adj. getting what is wanted in a clever and often deceptive way 狡猾的 crafty
cure-all
n. a cure or solution for any illness or problem 万灵药 panacea
cursory
adj. done or made quickly 草率的 perfunctory, casual
curt
(1)adj. sparing of words 话少的 (2)adj. marked by rude or peremptory shortness 唐突无礼的" laconic, terse, taciturn
curtail
v. to reduce or limit 缩减 mitigate
damp
v. to make less strong or active 使减弱 palliate
darken
(1)v. to make dark or to become dark or darker in color 使变暗 (2)v. to make less happy or to become less happy 使忧郁" dim
dated
adj. coming from or belonging to a time in the past 陈旧的
daunting
adj. tending to make people afraid or less confident 使人畏惧的 formidable, sensational, forbidding
dearth
n. the state or condition of not having enough of something 缺乏 paucity, modicum
debacle
n. a great disaster or complete failure 彻底失败 fiasco
debase
v. to lower the value or reputation of 贬低
debunk
v. to show that something is not true 揭露...为假
decay
n. the process or result of being slowly destroyed by natural precesses 腐朽, 衰退 deterioration恶化
decisive
(1)adj. resolute, determined 果断的 (2)adj. unmistakable, unquestionable 毋庸置疑的" unmistakable
decline
(1)v. to become worse in condition or quality 衰落 (2)v. to say that you will not or cannot do something 拒绝" wane
decouple
v. to eliminate the interrelationship of 使...没有联系, 使分离
decrepitude
n. the state of being old and in bad condition or poor health 衰老，老朽 senescence
decry
v. to say publicly and forcefully that you regard as bad, wrong, etc. 公开谴责, 诽谤 condemn
defame
v. to hurt the reputation of especially by saying things that are false or unfair 诽谤
defect
n. an imperfection that impairs worth or utility 缺陷, 缺点
defend
(1)v. to drive danger or attack away from 保护(2)v. to maintain or support in the face of argument or hostile criticism 为...争辩/champion 支持, 拥护
deferential
adj. showing or expressing deference 恭敬的 respectful
defiant
adj. refusing to obey something or someone 蔑视的，违抗的
defining
adj. 起决定性作用的
definite
(1)adj. said or done in such a way that others know exactly what you mean 明确的 (2)adj. not likely to change 不能更改的
deflate
v. to reduce or cause to contract 使减少 soothe
deflect
v. to cause to change direction 转向, 偏移 shrug off
deft
adj. skillful and clever 灵巧的 canny
defy
v. to confront with assured power of resistance 违抗, 蔑视 /disregard, flout
degenerative
adj. causing the body or part of the body to become weaker or less able to function as time passes 退化的
degrade
(1)v. to lower in grade, rank, or status 贬低 (2)v. to make the quality of worse 恶化 (3)v. to wear down by erosion 腐蚀
deify
v. to treat like a god or goddess 神化
delegate
v. to give (control, responsibility, authority, etc.) to someone 委托, 授权
deleterious
adj. damaging or harmful 有害的，有毒的 counterproductive, detrimental, devastating
deliberate
(1)v. to think about or discuss something very carefully in order to make a decision 深思熟虑 (2)adj. done or said in a way that is planned or intended 故意的(3)adj. done or decided after careful thought 谨慎的"calculated
delight
(1)n. a strong feeling of happiness 高兴(2)v. to make very happy 使高兴"relish 享受
demanding
adj. requiring much time, effort, or attention 苛求的 exacting
demarcation
n. the establishment of boundaries or limits separating two areas, groups, or things 界限
demise
n. the end of something that is thought of as being like a death 终止，死亡
demur
v. to disagree politely with another person's statement or suggestion 表示反对
denounce
v. to publicly state that someone or something is bad or wrong 谴责 lambast
deplete
v. to empty of a principal substance 耗尽
deplorable
(1)adj. lamentable 可悲的 (2)adj. deserving censure or contempt 应受谴责的" reprehensible
deprecatory
adj. disapproving 反对的 detracting
depressing
adj. causing someone to feel sad or without hope 令人沮丧的
deride
v. to laugh at or insult contemptuously 鄙视
derision
n. the feeling that people express when they criticize and laugh at someone or something in an insulting way 嘲笑 mockery
derivative
adj. not new or original 非原创的
derive from
phrase. to take, receive, or obtain especially from a specific source 源于
design
(1)n. deliberate purposive planning 故意 (2)n. the process of planning how something will look, happen, be made 设计" purposefulness
despair
v. to no longer have any hope or belief that a situation will improve or change 绝望
destructive
adj. causing a very large amount of damage 破坏的
detached
adj. not influenced by emotions or personal interest 公正客观的
detect
v. to discover or notice the presence of 发现 discern
deter
(1)v. to prevent from happening 阻止 (2)v. to cause to decide not to do something 威慑" constrain
deterioration
n. the act or process of becoming worse 恶化 decay, decline
detestation
n. extreme hatred or dislike 憎恶
detract
(1)v. to speak ill of 贬低
detrimental
adj. causing damage or injury 有害的 deleterious
devious
(1)adj. willing to lie and trick people in order to get what is wanted 狡诈的 (2)adj. not straight or direct 弯曲的" guile, indirect
devolve
(1)v. to pass on from one person or entity to another （权利，责任等）下放
dexterous
adj. having or showing great skills or cleverness 机敏的 nimble
diatribe
n. an angry and usually long speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something 抨击 rant
dichotomous
(1)adj. dividing into two parts 二分的 (2)adj. relating to, involving, or proceeding from dichotomy 矛盾的" contradictory
didactic
adj. designed or intended to teach people something 说教的 preachy
diffident
(1)adj. lacking confidence 缺乏自信的 (2)adj. very careful about acting or speaking 言行谨慎的
diffuse
(1)adj. spread out over a large space 分散的 (2)adj. to spread out 传播 (3)adj. being at once verbose and ill-organized 话多的" spread, disperse, wordy
dilatory
adj. characterized by procrastination 拖延的 sluggish, remiss, laggard
dilemma
n. a situation in which you have to make a difficult choice 困境
diligent
adj. characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort 勤奋的 industrious
dim
(1)adj. not bright or clear 昏暗的 (2)v. to make less bright or to become less bright 使变暗" darken
diminish
(1)v. to make less or cause to appear less 减少 (2)v. to lessen the authority or reputation of 贬低
diminutive
adj. very small 极小的 minuscule
dire
adj. exciting horror 可怕的，恐怖的
discard
v. to throw away because it is useless or unwanted 丢弃
discern
(1)v. to detect with the eyes 觉察 (2)v. to recognize or identify as separate and distinct 分辨" detect, discover
disciple
n. a convinced adherent of a school or individual 信徒 adherent
discomfit
v. to make confused or upset 使难堪
discordance
n. the state or an instance of disagreement 不一致 contention
discredit
v. to damage the reputation of 使丧失信誉
discrepancy
n. a difference especially between things that should be the same 矛盾 incongruity
discretionary
adj. done or used when necessary 自由决定的
discursion
n. the state of talking or writing about many different things in a way that is not highly organized 漫谈离题
disdain
n. a feeling of contempt for someone or something regarded as unworthy or inferior 鄙视 opprobrium, contempt
disenchant
v. to free from illusion 使幻想破灭
disgorge
v. to let out or release 排出 dump
disgruntle
v. to make ill-humored or discontented 使不高兴 crestfallen
disinclination
n. a feeling of not wanting to do something 不情愿
disinformation
n. false information deliberately 故意的假情报
disingenuous
adj. not truly honest or sincere 不真诚的
disintegrate
v. to break apart into many small parts or pieces 瓦解 crumble
disinterested
(1)adj. not influenced by personal feelings, opinions, or concerns 公正的 (2)adj. not interested 没有兴趣的" fair, impartial
dismantle
v. to take apart so that it is in separate pieces 拆除
dismiss
(1)v. to decide not to think about or consider 不考虑 (2)v. to permit or cause to leave 清除 (3)v. to remove from position or service 解雇 (4)v. to reject serious consideration of 驳回
disorganize
v. to destroy or interrupt the orderly structure or function of 扰乱
disparage
v. to describe as unimportant, weak, bad, etc. 贬低 slight
disparate
adj. different from each other 不同的 heterogeneous, diverse, dissimilar, variant
dispassionate
adj. not affected by personal or emotional involvement 公正客观的，冷静客观的 temperate, analytical
dispatch
(1)v. to send quickly to a particular place for a particular purpose 派遣 (2)n. promptness and efficiency in performance or transmission 迅速" celerity
dispel
(1)v. to make go away or end 消除 (2)v. to drive away by or as if by scattering 驱散
displace
(1)v. to take the job or position of 取代 (2)v. to force to leave the area where they live 迫使离开" obviate