acid
compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
activation energy
the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
Adhesion
An attraction between molecules of different substances
amino acid
Building blocks of protein
atom
Basic unit of matter
base
A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
Buffer
A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
Carbohydrate
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body-> breaks down into glucose
catalyst
(n.) a substance that causes or hastens a chemical reaction; any agent that causes change
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
eletron
Negatively charged particle found in the electron cloud outside of the nucleus
element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
hydrogen bond
Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.
ion
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
ionic bond
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
isotope
An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element.
Lipid
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Monosaccharides
Single sugar molecules
nucleic acid
macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus(DNA or RNA)
Nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Nucleus
Center of an atom or the brain of a cell
pH scale
scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic
polarity
Molecules having uneven distribution of charges
polymer
large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
product
A substance produced in a chemical reaction
Protein
An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
reactant
A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Substrate
A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme
Suspension
A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration
van der Waals forces
the two weakest intermolecular attractions- dispersion interactions and dipole forces
water
universal solvent or H2O