Sulfonamides: bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bacteriostatic
Sulfonamide MOA
Folate synthesis inhibitor (competes w/PABA) -- folic acid deficiency impacts DNA of bacteria
Fluoroquinolones - bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
Fluoroquinolones MOA
DNA synthesis inhibitor
What class are Ciprofloxacin & Levofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillins - bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
Penicillin MOA
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor; B-lactam (broad spec) abx
What antibiotic class should be avoided in pts allergic to penicillin?
Cephalosporins (also B lactam abx)
Which penicillin is used IV only?
Pen G
Which penicillin is taken orally?
Pen V
What is augmentin?
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (B lactamase resistant)
What penicillin has the best/broadest gram-negative spec?
Ampicillin
Which penicillin is used specifically against pseudomonas?
Carbenicillin
Cephalosporins - bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
Cephalosporins MOA
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, B-lactam
Monobactams - bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
Monobactam MOA
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, B lactam
Suffix for monobactams
-am
Carbapenems - bacteriostatic or bactericidal
Bactericidal
Carbapenems MOA
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, B-lactam
Carbapenems suffix
-nem
Tetracyclines - bacteriostatic or bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Tetracycline MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (30S ribosomal unit)
Of all the antibiotics, what has the broadest antimicrobial spectrum?
Tetracyclines
Macrolides - bacteriostatic or bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Macrolides MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50s subunit)
Macrolide drugs
Mac likes to throw miceMacrolides:-Erythromycin-Clarithromycin-Azithromycin
Lincosamides - bacteriostatic or bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Lincosamides MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50s)
Lincosamides drugs
Link also hides miceLincosamides:-Clindamycin-Lincomycin
Which compromised immunity conditions require abx prophylaxis?
-Organ transplant-Neutropenia-Cancer therapy
Which cardiovascular conditions need abx prophylaxis?
-Prosthetic heart valve-H/o endocarditis-Heart transplant w/valvulopathy/valve dysfunction-Congenital heart problems
What is the 1st choice for abx rx for IE prophylaxis?
Amoxicillin-Adult: 2g-Child: 50mg/kg
What is the first choice for rx for joint replacement abx prophylaxis?
Keflex 2g
When is abx prophylaxis not required?
-Cardiac pacemaker-Rheumatic fever without valvular dysfunction-Mitral valve prolapse w/o valvular regurgitation
What causes GI upset & pseudomonas colitis?
Clindamycin
What is most likely to cause superinfection?
Broad spectrum abx
What is associated with aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
What is associated with liver damage?
Tetracycline
What is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis?
Erythromycin estolate
What should bacteriostatic drugs not be taken with?
Bactericidal
What should penicillin not be taken with?
Probenecid (gouty arthritis)
What should tetracycline not be taken with?
Antacids/dairy
What should broad spec abx not be taken with?
Anticoagulants (enhance bleeding by reducing vitamin K sources)
What should macrolides not be taken with?
Seldane (antihistamine)/digoxin (antiarrythmic)
Where does clindamycin concentrate?
Bone
Where does tetracycline concentrate?
gingival crevicular fluid
What antivirals are used to tx herpes?
Acyclovir, Valcyclovir
What antifungals are used for candidiasis?
Fluconazole, Ketoconazole
What form is clotrimazole (Mycelex)?
Troche form (lozenge that dissolves in your mouth)
Which penicillin is useful against penicillinase-producing bugs such as staphylococcus
Dicloxacillin
T/F abx prophylaxis is required for patients w/pulmonary shunts
true
Antifungal MOA
Bind ergosterol in fungal cell wall to weaken the wall
Penicillin allergy symptoms
-Dermatitis-Stomatitis-Bronchoconstriction-CV collapse
Which agent is least likely to cause superinfection
Narrow spectrum such as Pen G
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are synergistic bacteriostatic agents because in bacteria theya) both inhibit folic acid synthesisb) interfere sequentially with folic acid productionc) are both antimetabolites of PABAd) are both inhibitors of dihydrofolic acid reductasee) are both transformed in vivo into a single active compound
b
The concurrent administration of Pen G and probenecid results in
Decreased renal excretion of Pen G
Interaction between penicillin & probenicid is best described by which of the following:a) competition at receptorb) acceleration of metabolismc) alteration in acid-base balanced) alteration in the rate of renal clearance
d
Erythromycin should be avoided in the patient takinga) aspirinb) seldanec) benadryld) ibuprofene) propranolol
B - may be lethal bc causes buildup of seldane which leads to cardiac arrhythmias