Anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
Aerobic
Process that requires oxygen
anaplasia
loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type
Anatomy
The study of body structure
Physiology
The study of body function
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
atrophy
to waste away
autopsy
the examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death
biopsy
the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination
complications
New secondary or additional problems
Convelescence
time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment; recuperation
course
pattern of development and change of a disorder over time
diagnoses
medical conditions determined by a doctor
acute disease
symptoms develop rapidly but the disease lasts only a short time
chronic disease
an ongoing condition or illness
communicable disease
a disease that is spread from one host to another
notifiable diseases
diseases for which health officials request or require reporting for public health reasons
double-blind study
An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo
Dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
Endogenous
produced from within; due to internal causes
exogenous
Produced outside the body
Epidemics
Occurrences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected
Pandemics
A worldwide outbreak of disease.
Epidemiology
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people.
Etiology
cause of disease
exacerbation
increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
remission
improvement or absence of signs of disease
gangrene
death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
Gross examination
Viewing specimens with the naked eye
microscopic examination
Viewing a specimen with the aid of a microscope
Homestasis
relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain
Hyperplasia
increase in number of cells
hypertrophy
increase in cell size
hypoxia
Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
iatrogenic
produced by treatment
idiopathic
unknown cause
Incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
Prevelance
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
incubation period
interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms
infarction
area of dead tissue
inflammation
a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues
ischemia
Lack of blood supply
latent stage
lying, hidden
lesion
tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
lysis
destruction
local manifestations
found at the site of the problem
systemic manifestations
general indicators of illness, such as fever
Metaplasia
Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Morbitity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
morphologic
the physical size, form, structure, and shape of cells or organs
mortality
death
caseous necrosis
degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
Coagulative necrosis
cell proteins are altered or denatured
Fat necrosis
Fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids
liquefactive necrosis
commonly results from ischemic injury to nerve and glial cells in brain; injured cells release hydrolases that digests brain tissue; tissue becomes soft, liquefies, and segregates, forming cysts. May be caused by staph, strep, or E. coli infections.
Neoplasia
the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
objective
unbiased; not subjective
subjective
based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions
acute onset
disorder begins suddenly
insidious onset
develop gradually over an extended period
Pathogenesis
development of disease
Pathophysiology
the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
precipitating factors
triggers that promote the onset of clinical manifestations
predisposing factors
Tendencies that promote development of a disease in an individual
Prodermal period
initial stage of disease between earliest symptoms and rash/fever
prognosis
a forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or situation
prophlaxis
preventive treatment
Sequelae
a problem resulting from a disease or injury
Signs
objectively observed indicators of a disorder
Symptoms
Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
Subclinical state
pathologic changes, no obvious manifestations
syndrome
a group of symptoms
therapy
treatment