Calculate
Perform mathematical steps to arrive at a final answer, including algebraic expressions, properly substituted numbers, and correct labeling of units and significant figures.
Construct and draw
Create a diagram, graph, representation, or model that illustrates or explains relationships or phenomena. Labels may or may not be required.
Describe
Provide relevant characteristics of a specified topic.
Determine
Decide or conclude after reasoning, observation, or applying mathematical routines (calculations).
Evaluate
Judge or determine the significance or importance of information, or the quality or accuracy of a claim.
Explain
Provide information about how or why a relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome occurs, using evidence and/or reasoning to support or qualfiy a claim. Explain "how" typically requires analyzing the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome; whereas explain "why" typically requires analysis of motivations or reasons for the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome.
Identify
Indicate or provide information about a specified topic, without elaboration or explanation.
Justify
Provide evidence to support, qualify, or defend a claim, and/or provide reasoning to explain how that evidence supports or qualifies the claim.
Make a claim
Make an assertion that is based on evidence or knowledge.
Predict and make a prediction
Predict the causes or effects of a change in, or disruption to, one or more components in a relationship, pattern, process, or system.
Represent
Use appropriate graphs, symbols, words, illustrations, and/or tables of numerical values to describe biological concepts, characteristics, and/or relationships.
State
(the null/alternative hypothesis): Indicate or provide a hypothesis to support or defend a claim about a scientifically testable question.
Support a claim
Provide reasoning to explain how evidence supports or qualifies a claim.