When are daily wear contacts worn?
During waking hours only
When are extended/ continuous wear contacts worn?
Continuously during waking hours and sleeping hours for a certain period of time
How long does the FDA recommend extended/ continuous wear contacts be worn?
No longer than 6 nights
How many soft lenses are approved for 30 days?
2
How many GP lenses are approves for 30 days?
1
Flexible wear are:
DW, EW, and occasionally 2 or 3 nights
Conventional replacement/ traditional or durable; replaced when:
Wears out, becomes damaged, Rx changes
Planned replacement/ programmed or frequent replacement; replaced when?
Specific time period to change lens; patient knows when too
Disposable replacement are:
Used one time only
What contact lens has some radius of curvature in all meridians?
Spherical
What contact lens has one eye distance and one eye near?
Monovision
What contact lens is for astigmatism; principal meridians 90� apart?
Toric/ Toroid
Three types of toric contact lenses:
From surface toric, back surface toric, and bi-toric
Enhancement contact lenses are for what colored iris?
Light
Opaque contact lenses are to change color of what colored eyes?
Dark or light
What lenses are used for red/green color blindness?
Ruby chromatic
What contact lenses are used for injury, trauma, after surgery, or dry eyes?
Therapeutic/ bandage lens
What is it called when the cornea grows cone shaped?
Keratoconus
What lenses are for people with no crystalline lens; high Rx?
Aphakic
What brand are piggy back lenses?
SynergEyes
What is a freckle, small-flat-pigmented-benign tumor, called?
Nevus
What is a small, round, yellowish-brown elevation on the bulbar conjunctiva, appear on either side, benign tumor?
Pinguecula
What is a wedge-shaped, triangular, benign tumor, can be on one eye or both?
Ptergium
When does a ptergium need to be removed?
When it gets on cornea.
Pinguecula and pterygium are seen more in what people?
People exposed to sun and live in tropics
What is a bright red patch of blood from a small broken blood vessel under the conjunctiva, may happen without injury?
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
What is the distance between upper and lower lid called?
Palpebral fissure
Average vertical distance of palpebral fissure is:
10 to 10.5 mm
Average horizontal distance of palpebral fissure is:
30 mm
What performs several functions; protects eye, lid closes (reflex blinking), blocks light from entering, and removes foreign matter, helps with tear drainage, and distributes the tear layer over anterior portion of the eye with each blink?
Eyelid
Average blink rate per minute:
10 to 17 or every 3 to 6 seconds
Inflammation of eyelids is:
Blepharitis
Drooping of upper eyelid is:
Blepharoptosis
Blockage and inflammation of the maybomian gland:
Chalazion
Outward turning of eyelid:
Ectropian
Inward turning of eyelid:
Entropian
Stye, infection of Zeiss gland:
Hordeolum
Incomplete eyelid closure:
Lagophthalmos
Inward turning of eyelashes:
Trichiasis
Yellowish deposits (flat bumps) on skin of eyelids usually hear inner cantus:
Xanthelasma
What causes xanthelasma?
Elevated lipids and high cholestrol
Tumors can be:
Malignant, basal cell, squamous cell, or carcinoma
When looking in slit lamp look at patient's:
Lids, lashes, and skin around eyes
The levator palpebrae superioris does what?
Raises upper eyelid
Obicularis occuli does what?
Closes eyelid
The muscle of Mueller does what?
Widens palpebral fissure
N of tears are:
1.3375
What is the fist refractive surface light encounters?
Tear layer
What removes sloughed off epithelial cells and bacteria?
Precorneal Tearfilm
Tears contain:
Lysozymes
What is an antibacterial enzyme that protects against infection:
Lysozyme
What is the main source of oxygen to the epithelial layers?
Precorneal Tearfilm
Which layer reduces water evaporation of the aqueous layer.
Lipid Layer
What do the meibomian glands, Zeiss glands, and glands of Moll do?
Secretes lipid layer
What is the largest layer; responsible for water in tears prevents epithelial drying, keeps anterior portion of the eye moist.
Aqueous layer
What do the lacrimal glands, accessory glands of Kraus and Wolfring do?
Secrete aqueous layer
Which layer makes cornea we table by providing a surface over which the aqueous will spread evenly and absorb into epithelial layer?
Mucus layer
Which layer does goblet cells secrete?
Mucus layer
What is the average pH of tears?
7.4
What is the tonicity of tears?
0.9% NaCl
Salt content is what?
Tonicity
What measures how quickly tears breakup
BUT
What is average BUT?
10 to 12 seconds
What BUT is usually recorded for people with dry eyes?
Less than 10
Which test has anesthetic?
Schirmer Test II
Which test has no anesthetic?
Schirmer Test I
How big is the filter paper that is used in Schirmer tests?
5 mm by 30 mm
How much of strip is wet normally for Schirmer test?
15 mm
Flouorescein does what?
Stains tears
Rose Bengal does what to cells of cornea and conjunctiva?
Stains red
Lissamine Green does what to dead or injures cells on surface of eye?
Stains bluish-green
What is the average horizontal visible iris diameter?
11.5 mm
What is the average measurement of the pupil in normal light?
4.5 to 5