Where can you find information on the judicial system?
Article III
Either state or federal courts can hear a case
Concurrent Jurisdiction
The court has the authority to hear a court case for the first time
Original Jurisdiction
The authority to hear the case on appeal
Appellate Jurisdiction
An order from the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up the records for review
Writ of Certiorari
Courts can declare a law to be unconstitutional
Judicial Review
The decision of the majority of the justices
Majority Opinion
Where one or more justices disagrees with the majority decision
Dissenting Opinion
A justice agrees with the majority opinion but wants to stress a point of the case
Concurring Opinion
Cases that the court is going to hear on a given day
Docket
The person suing or filing the complaint (refers to civil cases)
Plaintiff
In a civil case it is the person being sued. In a criminal case it is the person charged for a crime
Defendant
Satisfaction of a clain
Redress
How long do most federal judges and Supreme Court Justices serve?
For life
How are most federal judges and Supreme Court Justices appointed?
By the President (with confirmation from the Senate)
What are the characteristics of a district court?
Original jurisdiction and hear both criminal and civil cases
What are the characteristics of a appeal court?
12 courts and located in a circuit
What are the characteristics of the Supreme Court?
Highest court in the land and use both original and appellate jurisdiction
Who works in the federal courts other than judges?
U.S. Marshals, U.S. Attorneys, and Magistrates
They protect the federal judiciary, apprend federal fugitives, manage and sell seized assets by criminals through illegal activities, house and transport federal prisoners and operate the Witness Security Program.
U.S. Marshals
A public official who acts as prosecutor for the state or the federal government in court in a particular district.
U.S. Attorneys
They can handle civil and criminal cases. They take care of including arraignments, conducting settlement, scheduling conferences and handling dispositive motions. They can also issue warrants, set bail, sentence defendants, oversee petty offense and misdemeanor cases, as well as appeals for social security decisions and prisoner petitions.
Magistrates
What types of cases are heard in federal courts
Cases involving the constitution, federal laws, ambassadors, admiralty laws, maritime laws or involving 2 or more states
Court case that ruled "separate but equal
Plessy v. Ferguson
Court case that overturned Plessy
Brown v. Board of Education
Court case that rules Miranda Rights
Miranda v. Arizona
Court case that made search and seizure rules. Schools "reasonable suspicion" vs law enforced "probable cause
New Jersey v. TLO
Court case that allows abortion during the first trimester
Roe v. Wade
Court case that gave symbolic free speech
Tinker v. DeMoines School District
Court case that upheld judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
Court case that gave a right to a lawyer in all cases
Gideon v. Wainwright