agnosias
Named by Freud, A disorder of the cortical sensory region. A single sensory modality is affected by a TBI or other neurological injury/disturbance. Typically occurs when damage has been done to the occipitotemporal border (which is part of the ventral str
aphasia
An acquired disorder of language caused by brain damage; may affect comprehension or expression of language in any modality (spoken, written, or gestural language)
apraxias
A disability that affects the execution of motor acts as a result of brain lesions.
A disorder of learned movement distinct from paralysis, weakness, and incoordination; results in a disturbance of motor planning.
association fiber tracts
The fiber bundles that form connections between and within the association areas of the brain.
behavioral neurology
disorders of higher cerebral function, e.g. aphasia, agnosia, apraxia
brain scan
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Carl Wernicke
1848- 1905
-Identified an auditory speech center in the temporal lobe associated with comprehension of speech (receptive speech center)
- Lesions in Wernicke's area produce a sensory aphasia
- His neurologic model of cerebral language mechanisms has prove
cephalic
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clinical neurology
Medical discipline that depends on a physician's ability to lateralize and localize a lesion in the nervous system.
computed tomography
CT; x-ray imaging technique in which the brain is viewed at different depths; the various views are correlated by computer to show structural lesions of the brain.
contingent negative variation
CNV
dorsal
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dysarthrias
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electroencephalography
EEG
funiculus
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functional magnetic resonance imaging
fMRI
localization of function
The concept that specific behavioral functions appear to be associated with localized sites in the brain. Furthermore, behavioral dysfunction can point to lesions at specific sites in the nervous system.
magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
magnetencepholography
MEG
Noam Chomsky
linguist 1928- :
- created scientific revolution in understanding syntax and other components of language
- published "Syntactic Structures" in 1957, which outlined his theory of grammar
- Argued that the capacity for language learning and usage is innate
Norman Geschwind
neurologist 1926-1984:
- resurrected the early neurologic literature of Europe focused on language disorders.
-Brought this info to American medical practitioners. -Highlighted the value of identifying lesions in the connective pathways of the brain and d
Pierre Paul Broca
French physician 1824-1880:
- Studied brains of two patients who had sustained language loss and motor speech disorders
- Localized human language to a circumscribed area of the left hemisphere
- Laid the foundation for neurological science of speech and
plasticity
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positron emission technology
PET
radiograph
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regional cerebral blood flow
rCBF
rostral
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single-photon emission tomography
SPECT
split brain
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ventral
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x-ray
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