Death Rates
The number of deaths per 100,000 resident population
Mortality
Refers to the state of being mortal, or the incidence of death (number of deaths) in a population
Morbidity
Refers to the disease state of an individual, or the incidence of illness in a population
Crude Rate
Rate expressed for a total population
Adjusted Rate
Rate expressed for a total population BUT adjusted for a certain characteristic
Specific Rate
A rate for a particular population subgroup such as for a particular disease or for a particular age of people.
Endemic
Occurs regularly in a populations a matter of course
Epidemic
An unexpectedly large number cases of an illness, specific health - related behavior, or other health - related event in a population
Pandemic
An outbreak over a wide geographical area, such as a continent
Life Expectancy
At birth, at age 65 and 75
Years of potential life lost (YPLL)
Premature mortality
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
Lost "healthy life
Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
Years of healthy life expected
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
Measures the effects of chronic disease in patients to understand how disease interferes with a person's daily life
Health disparity
The difference in health between populations often caused by two health inequities - lack of access to care and lack of quality care
Primary prevention
Preventive measures that forestall the onset of illness or injury before the disease process begins
Secondary prevention
Includes the preventive measures that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or and injury to limit disability and prevent more serious pathogenesis
Tertiary prevention
Last level of prevention, where health education specialists work to retrain, re-educate, and rehabilitate the individual that already has a disability, impairment, or dependency
Community health
The health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect and preserve their health
Health education
Any combination of planned learning experiences using evidence based practices and/or sound theories that provide the opportunity to acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed adopt and maintain healthy behaviors
Heath promotion
Any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities
Disease prevention
The process of reducing risks and alleviating disease to promote, preserve, and restore health and minimize suffering and distress
Public health
Is the science and the art of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention
Global Health
Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and are beyond the control of individual nations, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions
Population health
The health status of people who are not organized and have no identity as a group or locality and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health
Wellness
An approach to health that focuses on balancing the many aspects, or dimensions, of a person's life through increasing the adoption of health enhancing conditions and behaviors rather than attempting to minimize conditions of illness
When was the health of the US the best?
Now. The health of the United States is the best it has ever been due to vaccinations, increase of physical activity, and healthier eating.
Health Education Specialist
An individual who has met, at a minimum, baccalaureate-level required health education academic preparation qualifications, who serves in a variety of settings, and is able to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the developmen
Epidemiological data
Information gathered when measuring health
Epidemiology
Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to control health problems
Rate
The measure of some event, disease, or condition in relation to a unit of population
Evidence
Data that can be used to make decisions about planning
The primary role of health education specialists is
To develop appropriate health education/promotion programs
Evidence-based practice
When health education specialists practice in such a way that they systematically find, appraise and use evidence as the basis for decision making when planning health education/promotion programs
The health of a population is shaped by what 5 things
Genetics
Health behavior
Social circumstances
Environmental conditions
Health services
4 limitations of prevention
Biological
Technological
Ethical
Economic
Health risk reduction
Requires an understanding of communicable and non-communicable diseases
Non-communicable disease
Illness that cannot be transmitted from an infected host to a susceptible host
Communicable disease
Illness caused by a specific biological agent that can be transmitted from an infected person, animal, or inanimate reservoir to a susceptible host
Ownership
Responsibility for
Socio-ecological approaches
Behavior is influenced by several environmental dimensions
Cultural competence
Developmental process defined as a set of values, principles, behaviors, attitudes, and policies that enable health professionals to work effectively across racial, ethnic and linguistically diverse populations