Photoelectric absorption
During photoelectric absorption, the photon's energy is completely absorbed by the electron. This extra energy allows the electron to escape its orbit. The electron is then known as a photoelectron.
Which of the following interactions of radiation with tissue results in the complete absorption of the photon?
Photoelectric absorption
Compton effect
Coherent (classical) scatter
Photodisintegration
2 protons, 2 neutrons
Which of the following describes an Alpha particle?
Fast neutron
B. 2 protons
2 protons, 2 neutrons
t D. Highly energized electron
Effective dose limit
The allowable occupational radiation dosage that is assumed to result in an average nominal lifetime risk is known as what?
Compton effect and photoelectric absorption
Which of the following interactions will occur in the diagnostic x-ray range?
A. Coherent (classical) scattering and pair production
B. Photoelectric absorption and pair production
C. Compton effect and photoelectric absorption
D. Pair production and phot
Immediate readings are not available.
Which of the following is a major disadvantage of a film badge as a radiation monitoring device?
A. Radiation types cannot be determined
B. Immediate readings are not available
C. Must be changed monthly
D. They are grossly inaccurate
Atomic number of material
The probability of photoelectric absorption occurring increases with an increase in which of the following?
1. kVp
2. Atomic number of material
3. Distance from material
Image Intensification
Mobile fluoroscopic equipment must have which of the following?
A. VCR capabilities
B. Image intensification
C. T.V. monitoring
D. Solid state circuitry
Any radiation capable of removing an orbital electron
What is meant by ionizing radiation?
Alpha
The size of the alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons) makes it highly ionizing, therefore losing its kinetic energy very quickly as it passes through matter. This prevents it from traveling very far.
A piece of paper will provide adequate protection from which of the following types of radiation?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
X-ray
Attenuation.
The reduction of the intensity of radiation as it passes through a material is known as:
1, 2, & 3
Which of the following topics is covered in NCRP #102?
1. Equipment design and use
2. Personnel monitoring
3. Radiation survey procedures
Density Standard
The density of a film badge is compared to which of these to determine the exposure to the worker?
A. Density standard
B. National standard
C. Control film badge
D. Fellow technologist's film badge
Food and Drug Administration
Which of the following government agencies is responsible for governing the use of radiation?
A. Health, Education and Welfare
B. Food and Drug Administration
C. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
D. Environmental Protection Agency
LET
LET = linear energy transfer. It is the rate at which energy is lost as it ionizes atoms as it passes through matter.
Which of these is a measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from radiation to soft tissue?
A. Rad
B. Erg
C. LET
D. RBE
Linear Energy Transfer
Which of the following is a measure of the rate of energy loss along the track of an ionizing particle?
A. Scintillation counter
B. Linear energy transfer
C. Linear attenuation coefficient
D. Ionization
1,2,&3
Which of the following are NOT required on newly manufactured radiographic equipment?
1. Automatic exposure controls (AEC)
2. Computerized technique selections
3. Automatic collimators
Rad
Rad is an acronym for radiation absorbed dose.
Which of the following is the unit of absorbed radiation dose?
A. Rad
B. Rem
C. RBE
D. Roentgen
Radiation equivalent man
What do the letters "rem" stand for?
Number of disintegrations per second
The becquerel is a measurement of which of the following?
A. Number of atoms in an element
B. Number of gamma rays emitted
C. Number of disintegrations per second
D. Number of possible radioisotopes
Primary Beam
Which of the following refers to the x-ray beam after it has passed through the beam restricting device?
A. Primary beam
B. Remnant (exit) beam
C. Secondary beam
D. Stem beam
Rad
Which of the following refers to the amount of ionizing radiation energy transferred by any type of radiation to any target material?
A. RBE
B. Rad
C. Rem
D. Roentgen
15
The source-to-skin distance in stationary fluoroscopy must NOT be less than how many inches?
Photoelectric Absorption
With photoelectric absorption, the photon's energy is totally absorbed by an inner shell electron, leaving no excess energy to scatter.
Which of the following interactions will NOT result in a scatter photon?
A. Photoelectric absorption
B. Compton effect
C. Thompson
D. Coherent (classical)
NCRP #116
NCRP #116 is titled "Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation" and sets equivalent dose limits for exposure to ionizing radiation of radiation workers and the general public.
Which of the following publications recommends limits of exposure to ionizing radiation?
A. NCRP #100
B. NCRP #102
C. NCRP #105
D. NCRP #116
2.5mm Al
When using over 70 kVp, the total filtration in the primary beam must be at least how much?
Cutie Pie
A Cutie Pie looks like a space gun and is commonly found in the nuclear medicine department.
Which of the following is a radiation survey instrument?
A. Gamma camera
B. Cutie pie
C. Pocket dosimeter
D. Thermoluminescent dosimeter
Photoelectric absorption
Classical scattering raises an electron to a higher energy level but does not remove it from its orbit. Characteristic and Bremsstrahlung are ways x rays are produced not x-ray interactions with tissue.
Ionization can result from which of the following interactions of radiation with tissue?
A. Characteristic
B. Bremsstrahlung
C. Photoelectric absorption
D. Coherent (classical) scatter
Gamma
Which of the following types of radiation is most penetrating?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. All are equally penetrating
Dosimetry
Which of the following refers to measuring the quantity of an x-ray beam?
A. Quality control
B. Quantity control
C. Beam assurance
D. Dosimetry
Ionization
Radiation monitoring instruments depend on which of the following?
1. Space charge
2. Ionization
3. Electrification
2.58 x 10-3 Coulomb/kg (10 R)
Standards state that the exposure in air from fluoroscopic equipment shall not exceed how many Coulomb/kg/minute?
+/- 2%
The field positioning light and the actual radiation field cannot vary by more than what percentage of the SID?
.05 mSv/hr (5 mrem/hr)
A "Radiation Area" warning sign must be visible in areas where the exposure rate exceeds which of these?
Gamma
Which of the following types of radiation is classified as electromagnetic?
1. Alpha
2. Beta
3. Gamma
Ion
Which of the following describes an atom that has lost one or more of its electrons?
A. Ion
B. Nuclide
C. Isotope
D. Unstable
Compton
Which of the following x-ray interactions occurs most often with x-ray energies over 100 keV?
A. Coherent (classical) scattering
B. Compton effect
C. Photoelectric absorption
D. Pair production
Roentgen
A measure of the number of ion pairs produced in air by a quantity of x rays defines which of these?