Cell wall: Gram+ve vs. Gram-ve
ENDOTOXIN
Edema
Nitric oxide
DIC/Death
Outer membrane
TNF-alpha
O-antigen
eXtremely heat stable
IL-1
Neutrophil chemotaxis
Bacterial Growth curve
Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae
TB: primary and secondary
TB infection: Caseating granulomas
Mycobacterium - acid fast organism
Leprosy (Hansen's disease) - Mycobacterium leprae
2 form:
Lepromatous (more severe) - low cell-mediated immunity w/ Th2 response
Tuberculoid - strong cell-mediated immunity w/ Th1 response
Gram-ve DDx
Neisseria - Gram-ve diplococci
Treponema pallidum - syphilis
Painless chancre - primary syphilis
Gardnerella vaginalis
Clue cell w/ fishy smell
Chlamydia cell cycle
Histoplasmosis - M0 filled w/ Histoplasma - smaller than RBC
Blastomycosis - board-base budding - same size as RBC
Coccidioidomycosis - spherule filled w/ endospores - larger than RBC - found in CA desert
Paracoccidioidomycosis - Latin America - budding yeast w/ captain's wheel - much larger than RBC
Tinea versicolor - Malasserzia furfur - Spaghetti and meatball on KOH
Candida albicans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans = encapsulated
Mucor
PCP
Sporothrix schenckii
Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia - trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica - trophozoite
Cryptosporidium
Toxoplasma gondii
Naegleria fowleri
Trypanosoma brucei
Plasmodium
Plasmodium - trophozoite ring form
Babesia
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania
Viral structure
HSV-1: herpes labialis
HSV -2: herpes genitalis
VZV - zoster
CMV - owl's eye
EBV
Measles virus - Koplik spots and generalized rash
Mumps virus
Rabies virus - Negri body
Hepatitis disease course
HIV viral structure
HIV disease course
Congenital syphilis - Hutchinson's teeth
Parvovirus B19 - Erythema infectiosum - slapped cheek
Coxsackievirus A - hand-foot-mouth disease
Antibiotic drug action - cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Antibiotic drug action - protein synthesis inhibitors
Antifungal Drug action
Antiviral drug action
Tzanck smear - multinucleated giant cell
CMV - Owl's eye
Chronic HBV infection w/ high infectivity
Sporothrix schenckii - local pustule/ ulcer along ascending draining lymphatic
Line 1: Shigella
Line 2: Salmonella
Gram-ve classification
Histoplasma
Blastomyces dermatitis
Candida albican
Giardia lamblia
Tx: Metronidazole
Erythema migran - Lyme disease
Cryptococcus neoforman
Ecthyma gangrenosum - in immunocompromised pt w/ sepsis
d/t Pseudomonas infection
Erythema infectinosum
Malaria blood smear
Pseudomonas - burn pts
Rhizopus spp. - right (90 degree) angle
Aspergillus spp.
Cryptococcus neoformans
Tx: Amphotericin B
Pulm hemorragic infarct in IV drug users
d/t tricuspid endocarditis
Ring enhancer brain abscess - Toxoplasmosis in HIV pt
Recovery from HBV
Coccidioides spp. - spherules
Oral thrust - Candida albican
Koilocytes - HPV
HHV8 - Kaposi sarcoma
in HIV pt
Shingles - reactivation of HHV 3 - in elderly or HIV pt
Shingle (VZV) - chicken pox
Aspergillus
Gardia lambia
Aspergillus -> vascular invasion to disseminate throughout the body