Is the water cold or warm during the day
Cold (water takes a long time to heat or cool)
Is the water cold or warm during the night
Warm (water takes a long time to heat or cool)
Is the land cold or warm during the day
Warm (Land warms quickly)
Is the land cold or warm during the night
Cold (land cools quickly)
When water vapor looses energy it becomes a ______
liquid
Are there fewer or more air molecules in cold air
More
Are there fewer or more air molecules in warm air
Fewer
Cold air rises or sinks
Sinks
Warm air rises or sinks
Rises
What breeze happens during the day
Sea breeze (air flows from sea to land)
What breeze happens during the night
Land breeze (air flows from land to sea)
In a sea breeze, the ----- air from the ----- blows to the ---- air in the -----
In a sea breeze, the COLD air from the WATER blows to the WARM air on the LAND
In a land breeze, the ---- air form the ---- blows to the ---- air on the ----
In a land breeze, the COLD air from the LAND blows to the WARM air on the WATER
salinity
the amount of dissolved salt in sea water
current
a large stream of moving water that flows through the ocean
upwelling
an upward flow of cold water from the ocean depths
El Nino (boy)
an abnormal climate event that occurs every 2-7 years in the pacific ocean causing changing in the wind, currents, and weather patterns that lead to dramatic climate changes
(Warm waters) an unusual warming of surface water in the eastern Pacific Ocean ne
coriolis effect
(This causes ocean currents to move in a curved or "C" fashion)
the deflective force that causes ocean currents to be deflected clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counter clockwise in the southern hemisphere
density
the measure of how much matter is in an object. Ocean density depends mainly on its temperature and salinity.
condensation
water vapor changes into liquid water
sublimation
solid becomes gas without going through liquid stage
precipitation
rain, snow, sleet, hail
collection
snow caps, glaciers, lakes, rivers, etc.
transpiration
plants release of water into atmosphere
infiltration
water on the ground enters the soil
evaporation
liquid water changes into water vapor
energy
If solid water gains enough _________, it can skip the liquid phase and change into water vapor.
percolation
water enters through the ground
97% is in the oceans
Why is the availability of fresh drinking water such a concern?
ice
What form is most of Earth's fresh water found?
liquid or gas
if solid water gains energy it becomes ___________ or _____________
salinity
the level of salt in a body of water
gas, liquid, solid
highest level of energy to lowest
the ground
of all the fresh water on Earth that is available for drinking, most is stored in ____________
less than 1%
_____________ of all the water on earth is fresh water that we can actually use
2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
a water molecule is made up of ____________________
gravity
what force acts upon water so that it becomes groundwater
is the same-it never changes
the total amount of water on Earth _____________
3
what percentage of Earth's water is fresh water?
oceans
where is the majority of the earth's water stored
evaporate
table salt can be created by letting ocean water ____________
sublimation, evaporation, transpiration
the ways that water becomes a gas in the atmosphere
hail
ice crystals that interact with wind forces before falling to the ground
groundwater
fresh water that is located beneath the Earth's surface
infiltration
the process by which precipitation that falls on land surfaces enters the ground and becomes groundwater.
permeability
the ability of a material to let water pass through it. Sand and gravel have high permeability, while silt, clay, and shale have low permeability.
water cycle
the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, land and the oceans.
evaporation
the process by which water is converted from its liquid state to the gaseous state, also known as water vapor.
condensation
the process by which water vapor is changed back into liquid water.
precipitation
the water that falls from the atmosphere in the form of rain, sleet, snow, hail, or freezing rain.
infiltration
the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.
run off
the water that flows along Earth's surface into lakes, rivers, and streams.
sublimation
the conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage.
groundwater
any water under the ground, usually collecting in the aquifers that contain most of the liquid fresh water. It makes up about 30% of Earth's freshwater and approximately 0.6% of all water on Earth.
surface water
water that is above Earth's surface, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, floodwater, and runoff. It makes up about 0.3% of all the freshwater and about 0.009% of all water on Earth.
stomata
small holes in the leaves of a plant where the plant 'breathes' as it takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen as a waste product from photosynthesis. As a plant exchanges these gases it also loses water through its stomata.
water vapor
water in the form of a gas. It is formed and released into the atmosphere through the process of evaporation, sublimation, and transpiration.
reservoirs
places where water accumulates such as lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, snow and ice, and the ocean.
La Nina (girl)
an abnormal climate event that occurs every 2-7 years in the pacific ocean causing changing in the wind, currents, and weather patterns that lead to dramatic climate changes
an unusual cooling of surface water in the eastern Pacific Ocean near the equator
Oscillation
movement back and forth at a regular speed
Anemometer
a tool used to measure wind speed
Thermometer
a tool used to measure temperature
Barometer
a tool used to measure air pressure
Wind Vane
a tool used to show wind direction- where the wind is coming from
Rain Gauge
a tool used to measure the amount of rain that falls
Stationary front
a place where two air masses meet and stop moving
hygrometer
a tool used to measure moisture content (humidity) in the atmosphere
air pressure
the weight of the atmosphere pressing at a certain place
troposphere
is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere and site of all weather on Earth
global winds
1. Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances
2. Very predictable
local winds
1. Winds that blow over short distances
2. very unpredictable - changes daily
high pressure
dense or thick air in an area (higher pressure is at low altitudes or elevations generally)
A mass of sinking cool air that usually bring fair weather.
low pressure
thin air in an area (high altitudes or elevations)
A mass of rising warm air that usually brings wet, stormy weather.
altitude
1. describes the height or elevation on land
2.Temperatures generally decrease with altitude and so does air pressure with altitude
3.with increasing altitude the air becomes thinner and less dense (decrease in air pressure)
4. the air cannot hold as much
polar easterlies
Global wind patterns at 60 to 90 degrees North and South
(Cold winds-polar)
trade winds
Global wind patterns between the equator, 0 to 30 degrees, winds that blow east to west (warm winds-they pass over the equator)
prevailing westerlies
Global wind patterns located in the middle latitudes blowing west to east, (30 to 60 degrees in Northern and Southern hemisphere), the United States is found in this region
doldrums
a low-pressure area around the equator where the winds are calm- stagnate
horse latitudes
two belts of latitude where winds are light and the weather is hot and dry (30-35 degrees north and south)
windward side
side of the mountain where rain and other weather are expected
leeward side
side of mountain that gets very little precipitation and can be desert like
rain shadow effect
name given for a lack of precipitation on the leeward side of the mountain
weather
daily or hourly changes in the atmosphere
climate
weather occurring over a long period of time
jet stream
a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top of the troposphere
equator
0 degrees-
An imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole
isobars
Lines joining places on the map that have the same air pressure
atmosphere
A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon.
humidity
The amount of water vapor in the air
longitude
Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees (think of long, they run down but are measured across - east to west)
latitude
Distance north or south of the equator (runs across but are measured north to south)
cold front
A front where cold air moves in under a warm air mass.
warm front
a front where warm air moves over cold air and brings drizzly rain and warmer temperatures
air mass
A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height
Moves with prevailing westerlies in the United States
Jet Streams
Runs between a cold and warm air mass
Jet Stream