Neuron
The basic cell of the nervous system. Information processing and information-transmitting element of the nervous system. Comprised of a cell body (soma), dendrites, an axon, and terminal buttons
Soma
Contains the nucleus and much of the machinery that provides for the life processes of the cell. Its shape varies depending on the type of neuron
Dendrites
Part of a neuron that looks like a tree, allows for communication between cells
synapse
junction between the terminal buttons of the sending cell and a portion of the somatic or dendritic membrane of the receiving cell
axon
long slender tube covered in myelin sheath. This carries information from the cell ody to the terminal buttons. (usually an action potential)
myelin sheath
...
multipolar neuron
most common neuron. It has one axon and many dendrites.
Bipolar neuron
This has one axon and one dendritic tree, at opposite ends of the soma. These are usually sensory
Unipolar neuron
have only one stalk that leaves the soma and divides into two branches. These usually are involved with senses such as touch
terminal buttons
secrete neurotransmitters.
phagocytes
Cells that engulf invading microorganisms