perception
processes by which the brain receives, selects, and modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation
visual acuity
smallest patter that one eye can distinguish reliably
cones
specialized neurons in the back of the eye that sense color
visual cliff
glass covered platform that appears to have a shallow and a deep side used to study infants depth perception
kinetic cues
cure to depth perception in which motion is used to estimate depth
visual expansion
kinetic cues to depth perception that is based on the fact that an object fills an ever greater proportion of the retina as it moves closer
motion parallax
kinetic cue to depth perception based on the fact that nearby moving objects move across our visual field faster than do distant objects
retinal disparity
way of inferring depth based on differences in the retinal images in the left and right eyes
pictorial cues
cues to depth perception that are used to convey depth in drawings and paintings
linear perspective
a cue to depth perception based on the fact that parallel lines come together at a single point in the distance
texture gradient
perceptual cue to depth based on the fact that the texture of objects changes from coarse and distinct for nearby objects to finer and less distinct objects
intersensory redundancy
infants' sensory system are attuned to information presented simultaneously to different sensory modes
infants respond negatively to substances that taste sour or ____
bitter
infants respond to _____ with a high pitched cry that is hard soothe
pain
infants hearing is best for sounds that have the pitch of _____
human speech
at age ____ infants acuity is like that of an adult with normal vision
1 year
_____ are specialized neurons in the retina that are sensitive to color
cones
the term ______refers to the fact that images of an object in the left and right eyes differ from nearby objects
retinal disparity
when elements consistently move together, infants decide that they are _____
part of the same object
infants readily integrate information from different senses, and their sensory system seem to be particularly attuned to _____
information presented redundantly to multiple senses
theory of mind
ideas about connections between thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and behavior that create an intuitive understanding of the link between mind and behavior
apparently children are first self aware at age 2 because this is when they first recognize themselves in a mirror and in photographs and when they first use
personal pronouns such as I and me
during preschool years, children self concepts emphasize ___ physical characteristics preferences, and competencies
possessions
unlike 4 year old, most 3 years old don't understand that other peoples behavior is sometimes based on ____
false beliefs