ocular lens
eye pice on top of arm
when "e" is placed on a wet mount and put into focus, it's image shifts _____ compared to the original
reflected over the x and y axis
objective lens
eye piece with the stage
scanning lens
red
-4 X 10 = 40
ocular lens multiplier
constantly x10
objective lens multiplier
scanning: x4
low power: x10
high power: x40
low power lens
yellow
-10 X 10 = 100
high power lens
blue
-40 X 10 = 400
internodes
section of stem between nodes
nodes
point where leaves are attached to stem
monocot cotyledon
one cotyledon
dicot cotyledon
two cotyledons
monocot leaf venation
parallel veins
dicot leaf venation
net-like
monocot vascular bundles in stems
scattered through out
dicot vascular bundles in stem
arranged in a ring
monocot roots
fibrous
dicot roots
taproot
herbaceous
non woody
which region of the root is oldest
zone of maturation
what produces secondary roots
(lateral roots)
pericycle
dicot vascular bundle in the root
x of xylem in the center surrounded by p in the crevasses, surrounded by a ring of pericycle then endodermis
monocot vascular bundle in the root
arranged in a ring with pith ground tissue in the middle and cortex ground tissue surrounding it
from outward in: has sclarenchyma cells, then xylem, then phloem
function of amyoplasts
storage of starch
-within cortex cells
apical meristem is ___, relative to the root cap
behind
projections that come off of the stem apical meristem
leaf perimordium
these form just behind the leaf perimordium
nodes
leaf pericardium forms into
young leaves
the stem has a waxy, waterproof material covering the epidermis layer called
cutin
the cortex is composed of ___ cells
collenchma
collenchyma cells
aid in supporting stem
have unevenly thick walls
ground tissue is found in:
monocots
dicots
both
neither
both
the vc produces ____ (___) to its outside and ____ (___) to its inside
secondary phloem (bark)
secondary xylem (wood)
what's the different between spring and summer wood
inner cells of xylem (spring wood) are large for transporting the large amounts of water that come from rain and the outer cells of xylem (summer wood) are smaller because less rain comes
____ outside of the phloem makes up the annual rings of wood
secondary xylem cells
what type of growth occurs in the woody stem
secondary
cork cambium produces what
the outermost layer of bark called cork
periderm
outside of the cortex to prevent water loss
3 types of leaves
simple
compound
doubly compound
endodermis function
regulate water flow to vascular tissur=e
parenchyma cells
cells contain chloroplasts for Ps
spaced out for gas exchange
stomata allow
gas exchange
guard cells
regulate stomata opening
open when filled with water/solutes
close when water/solutes leave cells
stomata close in a ____ solution
hypertonic
(because water rushes out towards the high solute concentration)
sugar produced is used immediately or stored as
starch
the pH buffer in lab was
phenol red
phenol red turns yellow because
the addition of CO2 to the solution turns it acidic
phenol red turns yellow then back to pink because
the CO2 was all used up and it was using O2, which made it more basic
when phenol red turns yellow, it is now called
carbonic acid
when phenol red turns yellow then back to pink it is called
bicarbonate
Rf value calculated by
distance moved by the pigment
_________________
distance from origin line to solvent front
-solvent front being the top line
the most commonly used technique for separating dissolved compounds such as the photosynthetic pigments is known as
paper chromatography
chlorophyll a pigment color
blue-green
chlorophyll b pigment color
yellow-green
carotene pigment color
yellow-orange
what does the Rf value tell you
the larger the Rf value, the farther it moved up the paper
___ is not absorbed
green
-instead, is reflected and whats why leaves appear green
___ and ____ are the most absorbed
red and violet/blue
-absorbed and we don't see it
this chloroplast pigment is most absorbed
chlorophyll b
visible light spectra
400nm-750nm
when chlorophyll absorbs light during Ps, an ____ becomes _____
an electron becomes excited
function of the root cap
protect and lubricate
function of ground tissue in roots
transportation of minerals/water to the steele and storage of startch